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The electrostatic force between the two ions is 
Explanation:
The electrostatic force between two charged particle is given by Coulomb's law:

where
is the Coulomb's constant
are the two charges
r is the separation between the two charges
In this problem, the ion of sodium has a charge of

while the ion of chlorine has a charge of

And the distance between the two ions is

Substituting, we find the electrostatic force between the two ions:

where the negative sign simply means that the force is attractive, since the two ions have opposite charge.
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Answer:
= 2.33
Explanation:
.According to snell's law:
n1sin i = n2sin r ,
where n1 is refractive index of the medium in which incident ray is travelling, n2 is the refractive index of the medium in which refracted ray is travelling,
i is angle of incidence,
r is angle of refraction.
Given that,
n1 = 1,
i = 51 degrees,
r = 19.5 degrees. ,
n2= ?
So,
1*sin 51 = n2 sin 19.5
=> n2 = sin51 / sin19.5
= 2.33