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3 years ago

What is pre-flush and post flush in petroleum engineering?

Engineering

1 answer:

cluponka [151]3 years ago

5 0

Answer:

Pre-Flush:

It is also known as In-line Equalization. In this stage of flow equalization, all the flow passes through the equalization basin. It helps in reduction of fluctuation in pollutants concentration and flow rate and helps to control short term surges with the use of basin.

Post-Flush:

Another name for this stage is Off-line Equalization. In this stage, only overflow above a predetermined standard is diverted into the basin. It helps in reducing the fluctuations in loading by a considerable amount and helps to reduce the pumping requirement. It is basically used to capture "first flush" from combined collection systems.

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Convert 850 nm wavelength into frequency, eV, wavenumber, joules and ergs.

Sholpan [36]

Answer:

Frequency = $3.5294\times 10^{14}s^{-1}$

Wavenumber = $1.1765\times 10^6m^{-1}$

Energy = $2.3365\times 10^{-19}J$

Energy = 1.4579 eV

Energy = $2.3365\times 10^{-12}erg$

Explanation:

As we are given the wavelength = 850 nm

conversion used : $(1nm=10^{-9}m)$

So, wavelength is $850\times 10^{-9}m$

The relation between frequency and wavelength is shown below as:

$Frequency=\frac{c}{Wavelength}$

Where, c is the speed of light having value = $3\times 10^8m/s$

So, Frequency is:

$Frequency=\frac{3\times 10^8m/s}{850\times 10^{-9}m}$

$Frequency=3.5294\times 10^{14}s^{-1}$

Wavenumber is the reciprocal of wavelength.

So,

$Wavenumber=\frac{1}{Wavelength}=\frac{1}{850\times 10^{-9}m}$

$Wavenumber=1.1765\times 10^6m^{-1}$

Also,

$Energy=h\times frequency$

where, h is Plank's constant having value as $6.62\times 10^{-34}J.s$

So,

$Energy=(6.62\times 10^{-34}J.s)\times (3.5294\times 10^{14}s^{-1})$

$Energy=2.3365\times 10^{-19}J$

Also,

$1J=6.24\times 10^{18}eV$

So,

$Energy=(2.3365\times 10^{-19})\times (6.24\times 10^{18}eV)$

$Energy=1.4579eV$

Also,

$1J=10^7erg$

So,

$Energy=(2.3365\times 10^{-19})\times 10^7erg$

$Energy=2.3365\times 10^{-12}erg$

5 0

3 years ago

A 1.5-m-long aluminum rod must not stretch more than 1 mm and the normal stress must not exceed 40 MPa when the rod is subjected

Pavlova-9 [17]

Answer:

the required diameter of the rod is 9.77 mm

Explanation:

Given:

Length = 1.5 m

Tension(P) = 3 kN = 3 × 10³ N

Maximum allowable stress(S) = 40 MPa = 40 × 10⁶ Pa

E = 70 GPa = 70 × 10⁹ Pa

δ = 1 mm = 1 × 10⁻³ m

The required diameter(d) = ?

a) for stress

The stress equation is given by:

$S = \frac{P}{A}$

A is the area = πd²/4 = (3.14 × d²)/4

$S = \frac{P}{(\frac{3.14*d^{2} }{4}) }$

$S = \frac{4P}{{3.14*d^{2} } }$

$3.14*S*{d^{2}} = {4P}$

${d^{2}} =\frac{4P}{3.14*S}$

$d= \sqrt{\frac{4P}{3.14*S} }$

Substituting the values, we get

$d= \sqrt{\frac{4*3*10^{3} }{3.14*40*10^{6} } }$

$d= \sqrt{\frac{12000 }{125600000 } }$

$d= \sqrt{9.55*10^{-5} }$

d = (9.77 × 10⁻³) m

d = 9.77 mm

b) for deformation

δ = (P×L) / (A×E)

A = (P×L) / (E×δ) = (3000 × 1.5) / (1 × 10⁻³ × 70 × 10⁹) = 0.000063

d² = (4 × A) / π = (0.000063 × 4) / 3.14

d² = 0.0000819

d = 9.05 × 10⁻³ m = 9.05 mm

We use the larger value of diameter = 9.77 mm

3 0

3 years ago

which statement best explains the reason that the middle part of the seatbelt is a better thermal conductor than the plastic par

Scilla [17]

Probably because it’s metal and metal is a better thermal conductor

6 0

3 years ago

To measure the voltage drop across a resistor, a _______________ must be placed in _______________ with the resistor. Ammeter; S

gulaghasi [49]

Answer:

The given blanks can be filled as given below

Voltmeter must be connected in parallel

Explanation:

A voltmeter is connected in parallel to measure the voltage drop across a resistor this is because in parallel connection, current is divided in each parallel branch and voltage remains same in parallel connections.

Therefore, in order to measure the same voltage across the voltmeter as that of the voltage drop across resistor, voltmeter must be connected in parallel.

4 0

3 years ago

Two materials are considered _______ if one material’s property degraded another.

Natalka [10]

Answer:

Fermentation?

Explanation:

5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers