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DochEvi [55]
3 years ago
15

How are energy and mass connected during the formation of an atom?

Chemistry
1 answer:
Jlenok [28]3 years ago
6 0
I think the right answer for this question is option A. The energy absorbed so the mass will be increased. 
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One question please help!
Agata [3.3K]
<span>1 trial : you have nothing to compare the result with - you don't know if it's a mistake.
2 trials : you can compare results - if very different, one may have gone wrong, but which one?
3 trials : if 2 results are close and 3rd far away, 3rd probably unreliable and can be rejected.

******************************

First calculate the enthalpy of fusion. M, C and m,c = mass and specific heat of calorimeter and water; n, L = mass and heat of fusion of ice; T = temperature fall.

L = (mc+MC)T/n.

c=4.18 J/gK. I assume calorimeter was copper, so C=0.385 J/gK.

1. M = 409g, m = 45g. T = 22c, n = 14g
L = (45*4.18+409*0.385)*22/14 = 543.0 J/g.

2. M = 409g, m = 49g, T = 20c, n = 13g
L = (49*4.18+409*0.385)*20/13 = 557.4 J/g.

3. M = 409g, m = 54g, T = 20c, n = 14g
L = (54*4.18+409*0.385)*20/14 = 547.4 J/g.

(i) Estimate error in L from spread of 3 results.
Average L = 549.3 J/g.
average of squared differences (variance) = (6.236^2+8.095^2+1.859^2)/3 = 35.96
standard deviation = 5.9964
standard error = SD/(N-1) = 5.9964/2 = 3 J/g approx.

% error = 3/547 x 100% = 0.5%.

(ii) Estimate error in L from accuracy of measurements:
error in masses = +/-0.5g
error in T = +/-0.5c

For Trial 3
M = 409g, error = 0.5g
m = 463-409, error = sqrt(0.5^2+0.5^2) = 0.5*sqrt(2)
n =(516-463)-(448-409)=14, error = 0.5*sqrt(4) = 1.0g
K = (mc+MC)=383, error = sqrt[2*(0.5*4.18)^2+(0.5*0.385)^2] = 2.962

L = K*T/n
% errors are
K: 3/383 x 100% = 0.77
T: 0.5/20 x 100% = 2.5
n: 1.0/14 x 100% = 7.14

% errors in K and T are << error in n, so we can ignore them.
% error in L = same as in n = 7% x 547.4 = 40 (always round final error to 1 sig fig).

*************************************

The result is (i) L= 549 +/- 3 J/g or (ii) L = 550 +/- 40 J/g.
Both are very far above accepted figure of 334 J/g, so there is at least one systematic error in the experiment or the calculations.
eg calorimeter may not be copper, so C is not 0.385 J/gK. (If it was polystyrene, which absorbs/ transmits little heat, the effective value of C would be very low, reducing L.)
Using +/- 40 is probably best (more cautious).
However, the spread in the actual results is much smaller; try to explain this discrepancy - eg
* measurements were "fiddled" to get better results; other Trials were made but only best 3 were chosen.
* measurements were more accurate than I assumed (eg masses to nearest 0.1g but rounded to 1g when written down).

Other sources of error:
L=(mc+MC)T/n is too high, so n (ice melted) may be too small, or T (temp fall) too high - why?
* it is suspicious that all final temperatures were 0c - was this actually measured or just guessed? a higher final temp would reduce L.
* we have assumed initial and final temperature of ice was 0c, it may actually have been colder, so less ice would melt - this could explain small values of n
* some water might have been left in container when unmelted ice was weighed (eg clinging to ice) - again this could explain small n;
* poor insulation - heat gained from surroundings, melting more ice, increasing n - but this would reduce measured L below 334 J/g not increase it.
* calorimeter still cold from last trial when next one started, not given time to reach same temperature as water - this would reduce n.
Hope This Helps :)
</span>
3 0
2 years ago
Johanna and Paige are visiting their grandparents in Fort Lauderdale in June. The girls think that it is
sukhopar [10]
C is your answer common sense
7 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Un estudiante debe preparar una disolución 2M de NaCl (58,44 g/mol) en un recipiente de 7L. ?Cuántos gramos de NaCl debe agregar
Gnesinka [82]

Answer:

818.2 g.

Explanation:

  • Molarity is the no. of moles of solute per 1.0 L of the solution.

<em>M = (no. of moles of NaCl)/(Volume of the solution (L))</em>

<em></em>

M = 2.0 M.

no. of moles of NaCl = ??? mol,

Volume of the solution = 7.0 L.

∴ (2.0 M) = (no. of moles of NaCl)/(7.0 L)

∴ (no. of moles of NaCl) = (2.0 M)*(7.0 L) = 14.0 mol.

  • To find the mass of NaCl, we can use the relation:

<em>no. of moles of NaCl = mass/molar mass</em>

<em></em>

<em>∴ mass of NaCl = (no. of moles of NaCl)*(molar mass) =</em> (14.0 mol)*(58.44 g/mol) = <em>818.2 g.</em>

3 0
2 years ago
Which two atoms represent isotopes of the same element
inysia [295]
D & e represent the same element
6 0
3 years ago
Which of these solutes raises the boiling point of water the most?
Alekssandra [29.7K]
The answer is <span>ionic aluminum fluoride (</span>AlF3). Note that boiling points of pure solvents are raised in the presence of solutes. The type of solute also affects the boiling point elevation of the solution. Ionic substances tend to raise it more than covalent ones, so sucrose is out of the picture. Next, consider the number of ions the ionic substance produces. The more ions, the greater the BPE. AlF3 dissociates into 4 ions.
5 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
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