The answer is d. particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
A carbon iota can bond with four other iotas and is just like the four-hole wheel, whereas an oxygen iota, which can bond only to two, is just like the two-hole wheel.
The number of carbon atoms in an alcohol affects its solubility in water, as shown in Table 13.3. As the length of the carbon chain increases, the polar OH group becomes an ever smaller part of the molecule, and the molecule becomes more like a hydrocarbon. The solubility of the alcohol decreases correspondingly.
