Hi there!
Impulse = Change in momentum
I = Δp = mΔv = m(vf - vi)
Where:
m = mass of object (kg)
vf = final velocity (m/s)
vi = initial velocity (m/s)
Begin by converting grams to kilograms:
1 kg = 1000g ⇒ 145g = .145kg
Now, plug in the given values. Remember to assign directions since velocity is a vector. Let the initial direction be positive and the opposite be negative.
I = (.145)(-20 - 17) = -5.365 Ns
The magnitude is the absolute value, so:
|-5.365| = 5.365 Ns
If Calcium lost two electrons, it would have the same number of electrons as Argon which has 18 electrons.
Efficiency is calculated through dividing the actual mechanical advantage by the hypothetical mechanical advantage:
- the actual mechanical advantage is 9J because that's how much work the light bulb doing
- the hypo. mechanical advantage is 100J. Ideally, in a perfect world, the light bulb can convert 100J input into 100J output, but do to resistance and other factors it is not possible.

change the decimal to a percentage:

the light bulb had 9% efficiency
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that contains two or more distinct substances that you can see. You can see the different part if a heterogeneous mixture. An example of this is a salad. You can see all of the parts.
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture that is uniform and you cannot see the different parts. It is still a mixture though. An example of that would be salt water. The water and salt are not chemically combined but you cannot see the salt AND water. It is just one solution.
Answer:
Volcanic Eruptions
Explanation:
The volcano can start showing signs that it may be about to explode.