Answer:
Giá trị xà phòng hóa hoặc số xà phòng hóa (SV hoặc SN) biểu thị số miligam kali hydroxit (KOH) hoặc natri hydroxit (NaOH)
Answer: <span>A geometric isomer with two alkyl groups on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond is called
<em>cis</em> Isomer.
Explanation: Geometric isomerism takes place about the double bond in alkenes when the alkyl groups are either situated at the same side (<em>
cis</em>) or are situated opposite (
<em>trans</em>) to each other.
Example: <em>
cis</em>
-2-Butene (highlighted red)
<em>
trans</em>
-2-Butene (highlighted blue)</span>
Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are part of almost all major cellular signaling pathways. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that regulate the intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP. Protein kinase A or cAMP-dependent protein kinase mediates most cAMP effects in the cell. Over the last 25 years, various components of this group of molecules have been involved in human diseases, both genetic and acquired. Lately, the PDEs attract more attention. The pharmacological exploitation of the PDE’s ability to regulate cGMP and cAMP, and through them, a variety of signaling pathways, has led to a number of new drugs for diverse applications from the treatment of erectile dysfunction to heart failure, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We present the abstracts (available online) and selected articles from the proceedings of a meeting that took place at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, June 8–10, 2011.
Answer: True
Explanation: For example, changing direction can change velocity