Answer:
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This angle is obtained when all four pairs of outer electrons repel each other equally. The bond angles in ammonia and in water are less than 109.5° because of the stronger repulsion by their lone pairs of electrons.
ELEMENTS OF ART: The visual components of color, form, line, shape, space, texture, and value. may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract. Shape An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.
The ions charge comes from the number of valence electrons. All elements excluding transition metals want to have 8 valence electrons. The first 3 groups will try to lose electrons to get to 8 where as the 5, 6, and 7 ones will try to gain electrons. Hydrogen is to small to get 8 electrons so it settles for 2 like helium because helium is a noble gas. oxygen needs 2 electrons and hydrogen gives one thats hy H is positive H3O is positive and OH is nwgitive.