Answer:
Hydrogen peroxide can function as an oxidizing agent as well as reducing agent.
H2O2 act as oxidizing agent in acidic medium.
Explanation:
Example : 2FeSO4 +H2SO4 +H2O2 —>
(ferrous sulphate)
Fe2(SO4)3 +2H2O
(ferric sulphate)
With a name like poly hydroxyl alcohol, it suggests that the alcohol has more than one alcohol group. Thus any alcohol with more than one hydroxyl is a polyhydroxyl alcohol. An example that pops into mind is ethanediol (CH2OHCH2OH) this has 2 hydroxyl groups and is an alcohol, thus a polyhydroxyl alcohol
To know this you pretty much do have to kind of memorize a few electronegativities. I don't recall ever getting a table of electronegativities on an exam.
From the structure, you have:
I remember the following electronegativities most because they are fairly patterned:
EN
H
=
2.1
EN
C
=
2.5
EN
N
=
3.0
EN
O
=
3.5
EN
F
=
4.0
EN
Cl
=
3.5
Notice how carbon through fluorine go in increments of
~
0.5
. I believe Pauling made it that way when he determined electronegativities in the '30s.
Δ
EN
C
−
Cl
=
1.0
Δ
EN
C
−
H
=
0.4
Δ
EN
C
−
C
=
0.0
Δ
EN
C
−
O
=
1.0
Δ
EN
O
−
H
=
1.4
So naturally, with the greatest electronegativity difference of
4.0
−
2.5
=
1.5
, the
C
−
F
bond is most polar, i.e. that bond's electron distribution is the most drawn towards the more electronegative compound as compared to the rest.
When the electron distribution is polarized and drawn towards a more electronegative atom, the less electronegative atom has to move inwards because its nucleus was previously favorably attracted to the electrons from the other atom.
That means generally, the greater the electronegativity difference between two atoms is, the shorter you can expect the bond to be, insofar as the electronegative atom is the same size as another comparable electronegative atom.
However, examining actual data, we would see that on average, in conditions without other bond polarizations occuring:
r
C
−
Cl
≈
177 pm
r
C
−
C
≈
154 pm
r
C
−
O
≈
143 pm
r
C
−
F
≈
135 pm
r
C
−
H
≈
109 pm
r
O
−
H
≈
96 pm
So it is not necessarily the least electronegativity difference that gives the longest bond.
Therefore, you cannot simply consider electronegativity. Examining the radii of the atoms, you should notice that chlorine is the biggest atom in the compound.
r
Cl
≈
79 pm
r
C
≈
70 pm
r
H
≈
53 pm
r
O
≈
60 pm
So assuming the answer is truly
C
−
C
, what would have to hold true is that:
The
C
−
F
bond polarization makes the carbon more electropositive (which is true).
The now more electropositive carbon wishes to attract bonding pairs from chlorine closer, thereby shortening the
C
−
Cl
bond, and potentially the
C
−
H
bond (which is probably true).
The shortening of the
C
−
Cl
bond is somehow enough to be shorter than the
C
−
C
bond (this is debatable).
Answer:
C-12 or C with a 12 superscripted on Upper left and 6 Subscripted on bottom left
Explanation:
Isotopic notation
Answer:
Absorbed, endothermic
Explanation:
Based on the heat of reaction, chemical reactions may be classified as endothermic or exothermic.
In an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed from the surrounding. As heat is absorbed from the surrounding, the reaction vessel feels cool when touched.
On the other hand, in an exothermic reaction, heat is given out by the system to the surrounding and the reaction vessel feels hot when touched.
Hence the reaction is endothermic and energy is absorbed during the reaction.
