The rate of the reaction is measurable quantity that refers to the amount or how much is are chemical substances reagents used up or converted into the product over some period of time.
Rate = change in the amount/time.
This can indirectly be observed through many ways, such as the volume of gas given off if the byproduct is a gas being produced, the colour of the solution etc.
If one or more nucleotide pairs are deleted from a DNA strand, this is known as a frameshift mutation
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Define Frameshift Mutation</h3>
Insertions or deletions in the genome that are not multiples of three nucleotides are referred to as frameshift mutations. They are a particular class of insertion-deletion (indel) alterations that are present in polypeptides' coding sequences. Here, there are no multiples of three in the number of nucleotides that are added to or subtracted from the coding sequence. They may result from really basic alterations like the insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide.
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Frameshift mutations' effects</h3>
One of the most harmful modifications to a protein's coding sequence is a frameshift mutation. They are quite prone to produce non-functional proteins that frequently interfere with a cell's metabolic processes and result in significant alterations to polypeptide length and chemical makeup. Frameshift mutations can cause the mRNA to stop translating too soon and create an extended polypeptide.
Learn more about Frameshift mutations here:-
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1) Chemical reaction 1: 4Cu + O₂ → 2Cu₂O.
n(Cu) = 88,8 ÷ 63,55.
n(Cu) = 1,4.
n(O) = 11,2 ÷ 16.
n(O) = 0,7.
n(Cu) : n(O) = 1,4 : 0,7.
n(Cu) : n(O) = 2 : 1.
Compound is Cu₂O.
2) Chemical reaction 2: 2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO.
n(Cu) = 79,9 ÷ 63,55.
n(Cu) = 1,257.
n(O) = 20,1 ÷ 16.
n(O) = 1,257.
n(Cu) : n(O) = 1,257 : 1,257.
n(Cu) : n(O) = 1 : 1.
Compound is CuO.
