People call water a 'universal solvent' because it is capable of dissolving more<span> substances than any other liquid. I think</span> it could<span> can be a major problem if every substance was readily soluble by water or any solvent. If so, it would mean that there is nothing that could contain water if it was not completely saturated with another solute. All in all, t</span><span>he idea of a universal solvent would be just impossible to imagine.</span>
d. Fe(s) and Al(s)
<h3>Further explanation</h3>
In the redox reaction, it is also known
Reducing agents are substances that experience oxidation
Oxidizing agents are substances that experience reduction
The metal activity series is expressed in voltaic series
<em>Li-K-Ba-Ca-Na-Mg-Al-Mn- (H2O) -Zn-Cr-Fe-Cd-Co-Ni-Sn-Pb- (H) -Cu-Hg-Ag-Pt-Au </em>
The more to the left, the metal is more reactive (easily release electrons) and the stronger reducing agent
The more to the right, the metal is less reactive (harder to release electrons) and the stronger oxidizing agent
So that the metal located on the left can push the metal on the right in the redox reaction
The electrodes which are easier to reduce than hydrogen (H), have E cells = +
The electrodes which are easier to oxidize than hydrogen have a sign E cell = -
So the above metals or metal ions will reduce Pb²⁺ (aq) will be located to the left of the Pb in the voltaic series or which have a more negative E cell value (greater reduction power)
The metal : d. Fe(s) and Al(s)
Answer:
Rate of forward reaction will increase.
Explanation:
Effect of change in reaction condition on equilibrium is explained by Le Chatelier's principle. According to this principle,
If an equilibrium condition of a dynamic reversible reaction is disturbed by changing concentration, temperature, pressure, volume, etc, then reaction will move will in a direction which counteract the change.
In the given reaction,
A + B ⇌ C + D
If concentration of A is increase, then reaction will move in a direction which decreases the concentration of A to reestablish the equilibrium.
As concentration A decreases in forward direction, therefore, rate of forward reaction will increase.
Answer:
Here's what I find.
Explanation:
Iodine-131
Iodine-131 is both a beta emitter and a gamma emitter.
About 90 % of the energy is β-radiation and 10 % is γ-radiation. Both forms are highly energetic.
The main danger is from ingestion. The iodine concentrates in thyroid gland, where the β-radiation destroys cells up to 2 mm from the tissues that absorbed it.
Both the β- and γ-radiation cause cell mutations that can later become cancerous. Small doses, such as those absorbed from the nuclear disasters in the Ukraine and Japan, can cause cancers years after the original iodine has disappeared.
Plutonium-239
Plutonium-239 is an alpha emitter.
Alpha particles cannot penetrate the skin, so external exposure isn't much of a health risk.
However, they are extremely dangerous when they are inhaled and get inside cells. They travel first to the blood or lymph system and later to the bone marrow and liver, where they cause up to 1000 times more chromosomal damage than beta or gamma rays.
It takes about 20 years for plutonium to be eliminated from the liver around 50 years for from the skeleton, so it has a long time to cause damage.
