Each element is made of only one kind of atom
Chromatids are only called as chromatids when they are sister chromatids, meaning that when chromosome have two double stranded DNA attached together, each of the double stranded DNA is a sister chromatid, and while the whole thing (the two sister chromatids that are attached together) is called a chromosome.
So after the DNA has been replicated, the chromosome consist of 2 sister chromatids, attached to each other at their centromere.
Overall, sister chromatid is one of the two double stranded DNA in a replicated chromosome, and chromosome is the whole "X" shape that we see. For example, in humans, after the S phase of interphase in the cell cycle, we have 46 chromosomes, with 92 chromatids, since each chromosome is an "X" shape, by having two sister chromatids.
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Answer:
Anterograde amnesia is the inability to create new memories after the onset of amnesia, while memories from before the event remain intact. Brain regions related to this condition include the medial temporal lobe, medial diencephalon, and hippocampus. Anterograde amnesia can be caused by the effects of long-term alcoholism, severe malnutrition, stroke, head trauma, surgery, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, cerebrovascular events, anoxia, or other trauma. Retrograde amnesia is the inability to recall memories made before the onset of amnesia. Retrograde amnesia is usually caused by head trauma or brain damage to parts of the brain other than the hippocampus (which is involved with the encoding process of new memories). Brain damage causing retrograde amnesia can be as varied as a cerebrovascular accident, stroke, tumor, hypoxia, encephalitis, or chronic alcoholism. The there is encoding failure. Encoding is the process of converting sensory input into a form able to be processed and stored in the memory. However, this process can be impacted by a number of factors, and how well information is encoded affects how well it is able to be recalled later. On the other hand, retrieval failure is the failure to recall information in the absence of memory cues. Proactive interference occurs when old memories hinder the ability to make new memories. In this type of interference, old information inhibits the ability to remember new information, such as when outdated scientific facts interfere with the ability to remember updated facts. This often occurs when memories are learned in similar contexts, or regarding similar things. It’s when we have preconceived notions about situations and events, and apply them to current situations and events.Retroactive interference occurs when old memories are changed by new ones, sometimes so much that the original memory is forgotten. This is when newly learned information interferes with and impedes the recall of previously learned information. The ability to recall previously learned information is greatly reduced if that information is not utilized, and there is substantial new information being presented. This often occurs when hearing recent news figures, then trying to remember earlier facts and figures.
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