The dermal tissue is basically the outer part of the cell that protects the plant cell so in that case it would be the carbohydrate or cell wall. If you would put the choices it could have been a bit better :)
3 covalent bonds (there are 2 electrons in the first orbital and 5 in the second. You still have room for three more)
All of the energy from the Sun that reaches the Earth arrives as solar radiation, part of a large collection of energy called the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. Solar radiation includes visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared, radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays. Radiation is one way to transfer heat.
Light basically evaporates pigments such as colored paper. Exposed pigment fading is kind of like getting colored paper wet. It will fade and bleed.
