Explanation:
Step1
Factor of safety is the number that is taken for the safe design of any component. It is the ratio of failure stress to the maximum allowable stress for the material.
Step2
It is an important parameter for design of any component. This factor of safety is taken according to the environment condition, type of material, strength, type of component etc.
Step3
Different material has different failure stress. So, ductile material fails under shear force. Ductile material’s FOS is based on yield stress as failure stress as after yield point ductile material tends to yield. Brittle material’s FOS is based on ultimate stress as failure stress.
The expression for factor of safety for ductile material is given as follows:

Here,
is yield stress and
is allowable stress.
The expression for factor of safety for brittle material is given as follows:

Here,
is ultimate stress and
is allowable stress.
Answer:
COP of heat pump=3.013
COP of cycle=1.124
Explanation
W = Q2 - Q1 ----- equation 1
W = work done
Q2 = final energy
Q1 = initial energy
A) calculate the COP of the heat pump
COP =Q2/W
from equation 1
Q2 = Q1 + W = 15 + 7.45 = 22.45 KW
therefore COP =22.45/7.45 = 3.013
B) COP when cycle is reversed
COP = Q1/W
from equation 1
Q1 + W = Q2 ------ equation 2
Q2 = 15 Btu/s = 15 * 1.055 = 15.825 KW therefore from equation 2
Q1 = 8.375 KW
COP =8.375/7.45 = 1.124
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
Please kindly check attachment for the step by step solution of the given problem.
Answer:
5.6 mm
Explanation:
Given that:
A cylindrical tank is required to contain a:
Gage Pressure P = 560 kPa
Allowable normal stress
= 150 MPa = 150000 Kpa.
The inner diameter of the tank = 3 m
In a closed cylinder there exist both the circumferential stress and the longitudinal stress.
Circumferential stress 
Making thickness t the subject; we have


t = 0.0056 m
t = 5.6 mm
For longitudinal stress.



t = 0.0028 mm
t = 2.8 mm
From the above circumferential stress and longitudinal stress; the stress with the higher value will be considered ; which is circumferential stress and it's minimum value with the maximum thickness = 5.6 mm