All categories

3 years ago

What are factor of safety for brittle and ductile material

Engineering

1 answer:

galben [10]3 years ago

5 0

Explanation:

Step1

Factor of safety is the number that is taken for the safe design of any component. It is the ratio of failure stress to the maximum allowable stress for the material.

Step2

It is an important parameter for design of any component. This factor of safety is taken according to the environment condition, type of material, strength, type of component etc.

Step3

Different material has different failure stress. So, ductile material fails under shear force. Ductile material’s FOS is based on yield stress as failure stress as after yield point ductile material tends to yield. Brittle material’s FOS is based on ultimate stress as failure stress.

The expression for factor of safety for ductile material is given as follows:

$FOS=\frac{\sigma_{yp}}{\sigma_{a}}$

Here, $\sigma_{f}$ is yield stress and $\sigma_{a}$ is allowable stress.

The expression for factor of safety for brittle material is given as follows:

$FOS=\frac{\sigma_{ut}}{\sigma_{a}}$

Here, $\sigma_{ut}$ is ultimate stress and $\sigma_{a}$ is allowable stress.

You might be interested in

A thin-walled cylinder of average radius 50 mm, and wall thickness 1.0 mm is of length 500 mm, and is built into a wall at one e

kotykmax [81]

Answer:

Explanation:

7 0

3 years ago

A 4-L pressure cooker has an operating pressure of 175 kPa. Initially, one-half of the volume is filled with liquid and the othe

vodomira [7]

Answer:

the highest rate of heat transfer allowed is 0.9306 kW

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

Volume = 4L = 0.004 m³

V $_f$ = V $_g$ = 0.002 m³

Using Table ( saturated water - pressure table);

at pressure p = 175 kPa;

v $_f$ = 0.001057 m³/kg

v $_g$ = 1.0037 m³/kg

u $_f$ = 486.82 kJ/kg

u $_g$ 2524.5 kJ/kg

h $_g$ = 2700.2 kJ/kg

So the initial mass of the water;

m₁ = V $_f$ /v $_f$ + V $_g$ /v $_g$

we substitute

m₁ = 0.002/0.001057 + 0.002/1.0037

m₁ = 1.89414 kg

Now, the final mass will be;

m₂ = V/v $_g$

m₂ = 0.004 / 1.0037

m₂ = 0.003985 kg

Now, mass leaving the pressure cooker is;

m $_{out$ = m₁ - m₂

m $_{out$ = 1.89414 - 0.003985

m $_{out$ = 1.890155 kg

so, Initial internal energy will be;

U₁ = m $_f$ u $_f$ + m $_g$ u $_g$

U₁ = (V $_f$ /v $_f$ )u $_f$ + (V $_g$ /v $_g$ )u $_g$

we substitute

U₁ = (0.002/0.001057)(486.82) + (0.002/1.0037)(2524.5)

U₁ = 921.135288 + 5.030387

U₁ = 926.165675 kJ

Now, using Energy balance;

E $_{in$ - E $_{out$ = ΔE $_{sys$

QΔt - m $_{out$ h $_{out$ = m₂u₂ - U₁

QΔt - m $_{out$ h $_g$ = m₂u $_g$ - U₁

given that time = 75 min = 75 × 60s = 4500 sec

so we substitute

Q(4500) - ( 1.890155 × 2700.2 ) = ( 0.003985 × 2524.5 ) - 926.165675

Q(4500) - 5103.7965 = 10.06013 - 926.165675

Q(4500) = 10.06013 - 926.165675 + 5103.7965

Q(4500) = 4187.690955

Q = 4187.690955 / 4500

Q = 0.9306 kW

Therefore, the highest rate of heat transfer allowed is 0.9306 kW

5 0

3 years ago

This assignment is designed to test your understanding of graphical user interface components and Event Driven programming in Ja

lys-0071 [83]

Answer:

Java program is given below

Explanation:

JavaPadGUI.java

package javapad.gui;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;

import java.awt.Container;

import java.awt.Dimension;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;

import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import java.util.Scanner;

import javax.swing.JButton;

import javax.swing.JFrame;

import javax.swing.JLabel;

import javax.swing.JOptionPane;

import javax.swing.JPanel;

import javax.swing.JScrollPane;

import javax.swing.JTextArea;

public class JavaPadGUI extends JFrame implements ActionListener{

//constants

private static final String TITLE = "Macrosoft JavaPad XP";

private static final String SLOGAN = "Macrosoft: Resistance is futile";

//button names

private static final String NEW = "New";

private static final String LOAD = "Load";

private static final String SAVE = "Save";

private static final String QUIT = "Quit";

private static final String FILENAME = "hardcode.txt";

//messages

private static final String QUIT_MSG = "Quitting, Save?";

private static final String LOAD_ERR = "Could not access file " + FILENAME;

//fields

private JTextArea txtContent;

private JButton butNew, butLoad, butSave, butQuit;

public JavaPadGUI()

{

super(TITLE);

createUI();

setSize(new Dimension(400, 300));

setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

}

private void createUI()

{

Container c = getContentPane();

c.setLayout(new BorderLayout(30,30));

//create the buttons panel

JPanel butPanel = new JPanel();

butPanel.add(butNew = new JButton(NEW));

butPanel.add(butLoad = new JButton(LOAD));

butPanel.add(butSave = new JButton(SAVE));

butPanel.add(butQuit = new JButton(QUIT));

//set command names for the buttons, these will be when button is clicked

butNew.setActionCommand(NEW);

butLoad.setActionCommand(LOAD);

butSave.setActionCommand(SAVE);

butQuit.setActionCommand(QUIT);

JPanel sloganPanel = new JPanel();

sloganPanel.add(new JLabel(SLOGAN));

//create textarea with scrollbar

txtContent = new JTextArea(15, 25);

txtContent.setLineWrap(true);

JScrollPane scroll = new JScrollPane(txtContent);

//now add all components

c.add(butPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);

c.add(scroll, BorderLayout.CENTER);

c.add(sloganPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

//set the actionlistner to buttons to handle button click event

butNew.addActionListener(this);

butLoad.addActionListener(this);

butSave.addActionListener(this);

butQuit.addActionListener(this);

}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)

{

String cmd = e.getActionCommand();

if(cmd.equals(NEW))

txtContent.setText("");

else if (cmd.equals(LOAD))

load();

else if(cmd.equals(SAVE))

save();

else if (cmd.equals(QUIT))

quit();

}

private void quit()

{

int option = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(this, QUIT_MSG);

if(option == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION)

{

save();

}

System.exit(0);

}

private void save()

{

try {

PrintWriter w = new PrintWriter(new File(FILENAME));

w.write(txtContent.getText());

w.close();

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,"I/O Error", LOAD_ERR, JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);

}

private void load()

{

try {

Scanner s = new Scanner(new File(FILENAME));

String str = "";

while(s.hasNextLine())

str += s.nextLine();

txtContent.setText(str);

s.close();

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, LOAD_ERR, "I/O Error",JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);

}

RunJavaPad.java

package javapad;

import javapad.gui.JavaPadGUI;

public class RunJavaPad {

public static void main(String[] args) {

JavaPadGUI gui = new JavaPadGUI();

gui.setVisible(true);

}

7 0

3 years ago

Given frequency, what is the formula for the period of a wave?

Veronika [31]

Answer:

f = c / λ = wave speed c (m/s) / wavelength λ (m). The formula for time is: T (period) = 1 / f (frequency). λ = c / f = wave speed c (m/s) / frequency f (Hz). The unit hertz (Hz) was once called cps = cycles per second.

Explanation:

7 0

2 years ago

What is electricity defined as

antoniya [11.8K]

Answer:

Exact answer: a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.

4 0

3 years ago