Answer:
A
Explanation:
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Because the effective charge of the nucleus increase from left to eight due to the increasing number of protons.
The greater charge pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus, decreasing the radius.
Answer:
(a) increase
Explanation:
On a line graph; we have the x-axis to the positive side and the negative side .In a positive x-axis direction, the force is usually positive, vice versa the negative side as well.
The change in the potential energy of a charge field-system can be given as:

where;
q = positive test charge
E = Electric field
ds = displacement between thee charge positions
θ = Angle between the electric field and the displacement.
Given that:
Charge of the particle = -q
displacement = (60.0 -20.0)cm = 40.0 cm
θ = 0
Replacing our values in the above equation, we have:


Since the potential energy of the system is positive, therefor the electric potential energy also increases.
Answer:
V = x/t
where:
x = distance [m]
t = time [s]
V = velocity [m/s]
Explanation:
Speed is defined as the distance travelled by a body in a given time interval. The velocity or speed is a vector, that is, it has magnitude and direction.
By virtue of its vector character, the direction of the displacement and the module, which is called speed, must be considered to define the velocity.
<u>Average speed</u>
The average speed is defined as the change of position over a given time interval. It is calculated by dividing the displacement vector (Δx) between the time interval (Δt) used.
<u>Instant speed</u>
Instantaneous velocity is a vector tangent to the trajectory, corresponding to the derivative of the vector position relative to time.
It allows to know the speed of a mobile that moves on a trajectory when the interval of time is infinitely small, being then the space traveled also very small, representing a point of the trajectory. Instant velocity is always tangent to the trajectory.