Answer:
c. can have a large cumulative effect
Explanation:
Noncovalent interactions between molecules are weaker than covalent interactions. Noncovalent interactions between molecules are of various types which include van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions or ionic bonding.
van der Waals forces are weak interactions found in all molecules. They include dipole-dipole interactions - formed due to the differences in the electronegativity of atoms - and the London dispersion forces.
Hydrogen Bonds results when electrons are shared between hydrogen and a strongly electronegative atoms like fluorine, nitrogen, oxygen. The hydrogen acquires a partial positive charge while the electronegative atom acquires a partial negative. This results in attraction between hydrogen and neighboring electronegative molecules.
Ionic bonds result due to the attraction between groups with opposite electrical charges, for example in common salt between sodium and chloride ions.
Even though these noncovalent interactions are weak, cumulatively, they exert strong effect. For example, the high boiling point of water and the crystal structure of ice are due to hydrogen bonding.
No - a precipitation will occur though. Potassium nitrate is soluble in water, so the potassium and nitrate ions will remain spectator ions and stay in solution. Lead (II) hydroxide is not soluble, and will precipitate out of solution to form a solid product.
Answer:
- <em>The solution expected to contain the greatest number of solute particles is: </em><u>A) 1 L of 1.0 M NaCl</u>
Explanation:
The number of particles is calculated as:
a) <u>For Ionic compounds</u>:
- molarity × volume in liters × number of ions per unit formula.
b) <u>For covalent compounds</u>:
- molarity × volume in liters
The difference is a factor which is the number of particles resulting from the dissociation or ionization of one mole of the ionic compound.
So, calling M the molarity, you can write:
- # of particles = M × liters × factor
This table show the calculations for the four solutions from the list of choices:
Compound kind Particles in solution Molarity # of particles
(dissociation) (M) in 1 liter
A) NaCl ionic ions Na⁺ and Cl⁻ 1.0 1.0 × 1 × 2 = 2
B) NaCl ionic ions Na⁺ anc Cl⁻ 0.5 0.5 × 1 × 2 = 1
C) Glucose covalent molecules 0.5 0.5 × 1 × 1 = 0.5
D) Glucose covalent molecules 1.0 1.0 × 1 × 1 = 1
Therefore, the rank in increasing number of particles is for the list of solutions given is: C < B = D < A, which means that the solution expected to contain the greatest number of solute particles is the solution A) 1 L of 1.0 M NaCl.
