Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are part of almost all major cellular signaling pathways. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that regulate the intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP. Protein kinase A or cAMP-dependent protein kinase mediates most cAMP effects in the cell. Over the last 25 years, various components of this group of molecules have been involved in human diseases, both genetic and acquired. Lately, the PDEs attract more attention. The pharmacological exploitation of the PDE’s ability to regulate cGMP and cAMP, and through them, a variety of signaling pathways, has led to a number of new drugs for diverse applications from the treatment of erectile dysfunction to heart failure, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We present the abstracts (available online) and selected articles from the proceedings of a meeting that took place at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, June 8–10, 2011.
Here's the numbers
H = +1
Cl = -1
Answer:
2 ATP molecules are produced
Answer:
300 kg
Explanation:
The give parameters obtained from a similar question are;
The mass of oseltamivir per capsule = 75 mg
The mass of oseltamivir required, <em>M</em>, is given as follows;
M = The mass of oseltamivir per capsule × The mass taken per person per day × 5 days × The number of people in the city
M = 0.75 mg/capsule × 2 capsule/(day·person) × 5 days × 400,000 people
M = 300,000,000 mg = 300 kg
