Answer:
For NADH; P:O = 2.5
For FADH
₂; P : O = 1.5
Explanation:
The P:O (phosphate:oxygen) ratio represents the amount of inorganic phosphate, Pi used per atom of oxygen consume to synthesize ATP.
The Chemiosmotic theory predicts H⁺:O and H⁺:ATP ratios. Experimentally these appear to be 10 and 4 respectively when NADH is the substrate, equivalent to a P:O ratio of 2.5, and 6 and 4 respectively for FAD-linked substrates (e.g. succinate), equivalent to a P:O ratio of 1.5.
1. Electron flow from NADH to O₂ pumps protons at three sites to yield 3 ATP (P:O = 2.5)
For NADH: 10 H
⁺ translocated/O (2e
-)
ATP/2e
- = (10 H⁺/ 4 H
+) = 2.5
2. Succinate (via FADH2) bypasses site 1 giving 2 ATP (P : O = 1.5)
For FADH
₂= 6 H
⁺/O(2e
-
)
ATP/2e
- = (6 H
+/ 4 H
+) = 1.5
Answer:
Explanation:
In order to answer this question, we need to be familiar with the law of freezing point depression. The law generally states that mixing our solvent with some particular solute would decrease the freezing point of the solvent.
This may be expressed by the following relationship:
Here:
is the change in the freezing point of the solvent given its initial and final freezing point temperature values;
is the van 't Hoff factor (i = 1 for non-electrolyte solutes and i depends on the number of moles of ions released per mole of ionic salt);
is the freezing point depression constant for the solvent;
is molality of the solute, defined as a ratio between the moles of solute and the mass of solvent (in kilograms).
We're assuming that you meant 1.7-molal solution, then:
Given ethylene glycol, an organic non-electrolyte solute:
The freezing point depression constant:
Initial freezing point of pure water:
Rearrange the equation for the final freezing point and substitute the variables:
The orbit gets larger when the mass of the sun is reduced to 75,000.
Answer:
Olá, a resposta que você está procurando é, na verdade, plasma mais refração. Eu estou usando um tradutor para ajudá-lo agora, então eu espero que você não se importe.
Explanation:
A flame test is an analytic procedure used in chemistry to detect the presence of certain elements. :)
