How to do this goalookr goalookr

The steady-state data listed below are claimed for a power cycle operating between hot and cold reservoirs at 1200K and 400K, re

Anni [7]

Answer:

a) W_cycle = 200 KW , n_th = 33.33 % , Irreversible

b) W_cycle = 600 KW , n_th = 100 % , Impossible

c) W_cycle = 400 KW , n_th = 66.67 % , Reversible

Explanation:

Given:

- The temperatures for hot and cold reservoirs are as follows:

TL = 400 K

TH = 1200 K

Find:

For each case W_cycle , n_th ( Thermal Efficiency ) :

(a) QH = 600 kW, QC = 400 kW

(b) QH = 600 kW, QC = 0 kW

(c) QH = 600 kW, QC = 200kW

- Determine whether the cycle operates reversibly, operates irreversibly, or is impossible.

Solution:

- The work done by the cycle is given by first law of thermodynamics:

W_cycle = QH - QC

- For categorization of cycle is given by second law of thermodynamics which states that:

n_th < n_max ...... irreversible

n_th = n_max ...... reversible

n_th > n_max ...... impossible

- Where n_max is the maximum efficiency that could be achieved by a cycle with Hot and cold reservoirs as follows:

n_max = 1 - TL / TH = 1 - 400/1200 = 66.67 %

And, n_th = W_cycle / QH

a) QH = 600 kW, QC = 400 kW

- The work done by cycle according to First Law is:

W_cycle = 600 - 400 = 200 KW

- The thermal efficiency of the cycle is given by n_th:

n_th = W_cycle / QH

n_th = 200 / 600 = 33.33 %

- The type of process according to second Law of thermodynamics:

n_th = 33.333 % n_max = 66.67 %

n_th < n_max

Hence, Irreversible Process

b) QH = 600 kW, QC = 0 kW

- The work done by cycle according to First Law is:

W_cycle = 600 - 0 = 600 KW

- The thermal efficiency of the cycle is given by n_th:

n_th = W_cycle / QH

n_th = 600 / 600 = 100 %

- The type of process according to second Law of thermodynamics:

n_th = 100 % n_max = 66.67 %

n_th > n_max

Hence, Impossible Process

c) QH = 600 kW, QC = 200 kW

- The work done by cycle according to First Law is:

W_cycle = 600 - 200 = 400 KW

- The thermal efficiency of the cycle is given by n_th:

n_th = W_cycle / QH

n_th = 400 / 600 = 66.67 %

- The type of process according to second Law of thermodynamics:

n_th = 66.67 % n_max = 66.67 %

n_th = n_max

Hence, Reversible Process

7 0

3 years ago

A 50 Hz, four pole turbo-generator rated 100 MVA, 11 kV has an inertia constant of 8.0 MJ/MVA. (a) Find the stored energy in the

raketka [301]

Given Information:

Frequency = f = 60 Hz

Complex rated power = G = 100 MVA

Intertia constant = H = 8 MJ/MVA

Mechanical power = Pmech = 80 MW

Electrical power = Pelec = 50 MW

Number of poles = P = 4

No. of cycles = 10

Required Information:

(a) stored energy = ?

(b) rotor acceleration = ?

(c) change in torque angle = ?

(c) rotor speed = ?

Answer:

(a) stored energy = 800 Mj

(b) rotor acceleration = 337.46 elec deg/s²

(c) change in torque angle (in elec deg) = 6.75 elec deg

(c) change in torque angle (in rmp/s) = 28.12 rpm/s

(c) rotor speed = 1505.62 rpm

Explanation:

(a) Find the stored energy in the rotor at synchronous speed.

The stored energy is given by

$E = G \times H$

Where G represents complex rated power and H is the inertia constant of turbo-generator.

$E = 100 \times 8 \\\\E = 800 \: MJ$

(b) If the mechanical input is suddenly raised to 80 MW for an electrical load of 50 MW, find rotor acceleration, neglecting mechanical and electrical losses.

The rotor acceleration is given by

$P_a = P_{mech} - P_{elec} = M \frac{d^2 \delta}{dt^2}$

Where M is given by

$M = \frac{E}{180 \times f}$

$M = \frac{800}{180 \times 50}$

$M = 0.0889 \: MJ \cdot s/ elec \: \: deg$

So, the rotor acceleration is

$P_a = 80 - 50 = 0.0889 \frac{d^2 \delta}{dt^2}$

$30 = 0.0889 \frac{d^2 \delta}{dt^2}$

$\frac{d^2 \delta}{dt^2} = \frac{30}{0.0889}$

$\frac{d^2 \delta}{dt^2} = 337.46 \:\: elec \: deg/s^2$

(c) If the acceleration calculated in part(b) is maintained for 10 cycles, find the change in torque angle and rotor speed in revolutions per minute at the end of this period.

The change in torque angle is given by

$\Delta \delta = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{d^2 \delta}{dt^2}\cdot (t)^2$

Where t is given by

$1 \: cycle = 1/f = 1/50 \\\\10 \: cycles = 10/50 = 0.2 \\\\t = 0.2 \: sec$

So,

$\Delta \delta = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 337.46 \cdot (0.2)^2$

$$ \Delta \delta = 6.75 \: elec \: deg$

The change in torque in rpm/s is given by

$\Delta \delta = \frac{337.46 \cdot 60}{2 \cdot 360\circ }$

$\Delta \delta =28.12 \: \: rpm/s$

The rotor speed in revolutions per minute at the end of this period (10 cycles) is given by

$Rotor \: speed = \frac{120 \cdot f}{P} + (\Delta \delta)\cdot t$

Where P is the number of poles of the turbo-generator.

$Rotor \: speed = \frac{120 \cdot 50}{4} + (28.12)\cdot 0.2$

$Rotor \: speed = 1500 + 5.62$

$$ Rotor \: speed = 1505.62 \:\: rpm$

4 0

4 years ago

What limits the practical realization of higher efficiencies in the Otto cycle?

AlekseyPX

Answer:

We know that all petrol engines are works on Otto cycle.Otto cycle have four process out of four two are constant volume process and others two are isentropic processes.

There are lots of limitations for practical Otto cycle these are as follows

1.In practical cycle heat can not add at constant volume.

2.In practical cycle there is a gap between combustion of two set of fuel.

3.Lots of heat is dissipated by cylinders.

4.Valve opening and closing is not a sudden process it requires some time.

5.There is a limitations of cylinder material ,it means that temperature of cycle can not rise after a specified limit of material.

Due to these above limitations practical cycles have low efficiency as compare to ideal cycle.

5 0

3 years ago

True or False? Engineering is a profession that is limited to the United States.

topjm [15]

Answer:

No

Explanation:

People work in engineering all over the globe.

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Create a program, using at least one For Loop, that displays the Sales Amounts in each of 4 regions during a period of three mon

kari74 [83]

Answer:

C++ code explained below

Explanation:

/*C++ program that prompts sales for four regions of three sales and prints

the sales values to console */

#include<iostream>

#include<iomanip>

#include<cstring>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

//set constant values

const int SALES=3;

const int REGIONS=4;

//create an array of four regions

string regionNames[]={"Region 1","Region 2","Region 3","Region 4"};

//create a 2D array to read sales

int sales[REGIONS][SALES];

//read sales for four regions

for(int region=0;region<REGIONS;region++)

{

cout<<regionNames[region]<<endl;

for(int sale=0;sale<SALES;sale++)

{

cout<<"Enter sales ";

cin>>sales[region][sale];

}

//print sales

for(int region=0;region<REGIONS;region++)

{

cout<<regionNames[region]<<"-";

for(int sale=0;sale<SALES;sale++)

{

cout<<setw(5)<<sales[region][sale];

}

cout<<endl;

}

//pause program output on console

system("pause");

return 0;

}

5 0

4 years ago