Answer:
I believe it's 2) sound waves
Explanation:
With sound waves, the energy travels along in the same direction as the particles vibrate. This type of wave is known as a longitudinal wave, so named because the energy travels along the direction of vibration of the particles.
Answer:
Force.
Explanation:
SImple as that. think of Newtons Laws.
centre of square disrance to each corner found by Pythagoras' theorem.
coulombs law used to clculate field of each charge at centre
fields added vectorially for res
Answer:
Force is 432.94 N along the rebound direction of ball.
Explanation:
Force is rate of change of momentum.

Final momentum = 0.38 x -1.70 = -0.646 kgm/s
Initial momentum = 0.38 x 2.20 = 0.836 kgm/s
Change in momentum = -0.646 - 0.836 = -1.472 kgm/s
Time = 3.40 x 10⁻³ s

Force is 432.94 N along the rebound direction of ball.
In order to compute the torque required, we may apply Newton's second law for circular motion:
Torque = moment of inertia * angular acceleration
For this, we require the angular acceleration, α. We may calculate this using:
α = Δω/Δt
The time taken to achieve rotational speed may be calculated using:
time = 1 revolution * 2π radians per revolution / 3.5 radians per second
time = 1.80 seconds
α = (3.5 - 0) / 1.8
α = 1.94 rad/s²
The moment of inertia of a thin disc is given by:
I = MR²/2
I = (0.21*0.1525²)/2
I = 0.002
τ = 1.94 * 0.002
τ = 0.004
The torque is 0.004