They both use messenger particles to carry the force. Gluons for the strong force and W and Z for the weak. And both sets of particles solely with the sub atomic particles of the nuclei: quarks and neutrinos. That is, their range is limited to the nuclei of the atoms and the ions.
Answer:
a), b), d), and e) are correct.
Explanation:
c) is incorrect because an object that has a definite shape cannot be in a gaseous state as gaseous objects take the shape of their container.
a) is correct because objects that are liquid have definite volumes but no definite shapes as they take the shape of their containers,
b) is correct as this is the definition of an object which is in a solid state.
d) is correct as this is the definition of an object which is in a gaseous state.
e) is correct as rigidness, the quality of having a definite shape is only exhibited by objects that are in solid state.
Answer:
b) Betelgeuse would be 
times brighter than Sirius
c) Since Betelgeuse brightness from Earth compared to the Sun is 
the statement saying that it would be like a second Sun is incorrect
Explanation:
The start brightness is related to it luminosity thought the following equation:
(1)
where 
is the brightness, 
is the star luminosity and 
, the distance from the star to the point where the brightness is calculated (measured). Thus:
b) 
and 
where 
is the Sun luminosity (
) but we don't need to know this value for solving the problem. 
is light years.
Finding the ratio between the two brightness we get:
c) we can do the same as in b) but we need to know the distance from the Sun to the Earth, which is 
. Then
Notice that since the star luminosities are given with respect to the Sun luminosity we don't need to use any value a simple states the Sun luminosity as the unit, i.e 1. From this result, it is clear that when Betelgeuse explodes it won't be like having a second Sun, it brightness will be 5 orders of magnitude smaller that our Sun brightness.
