Explanation:
It is given that,
Mass of the passenger, m = 75 kg
Acceleration of the rocket, 
(a) The horizontal component of the force the seat exerts against his body is given by using Newton's second law of motion as :
F = m a

F = 3675 N
Ratio, 

So, the ratio between the horizontal force and the weight is 5 : 1.
(b) The magnitude of total force the seat exerts against his body is F' i.e.


F' = 3747.7 N
The direction of force is calculated as :



Hence, this is the required solution.
Answer:
The question does not state how the answer is to be entered. I would use 10% because that is most common.
Explanation:
You are using 300 J of energy to get 30 J of light energy. The fact that you can account for the left over energy is not relevant.
Efficiency = Work Out / Work In
Efficiency = 30 J / 300 J = 0.1
If you need this as a %, you can multiply by 100
Efficiency = 0.1 * 100 = 10%
By subtracting the value of absolute zero, also know as adding 273.15!