It is due to a lack of providable energy to the next trophic level of the energy pyramid. Primary consumers only obtain around 10% of energy that producers have, and the energy depletes as you move further and further up the food chain, until you reach the tertiary consumers which have the least amount of energy at their disposal, meaning there are less of them than other organisms further down the energy pyramid.
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Answer:
Here's what I get.
Explanation:
(b) Wavenumber and wavelength
The wavenumber is the distance over which a cycle repeats, that is, it is the number of waves in a unit distance.
Thus, if λ = 3 µm,
(a) Wavenumber and frequency
Since
λ = c/f and 1/λ = f/c
the relation between wavenumber and frequency is
Thus, if f = 90 THz
(c) Units
(i) Frequency
The units are s⁻¹ or Hz.
(ii) Wavelength
The SI base unit is metres, but infrared wavelengths are usually measured in micrometres (roughly 2.5 µm to 20 µm).
(iii) Wavenumber
The SI base unit is m⁻¹, but infrared wavenumbers are usually measured in cm⁻¹ (roughly 4000 cm⁻¹ to 500 cm⁻¹).
Answer:
are those the answer choice
Polar molecules exhibit an unequal balance of charges between the individual elements of the compound. This is brought about by the large difference in their electronegativities. The H atom has the least amount of electronegativity. Then, it is a known periodic trend, that as you go downwards in a group, electronegativity decreases, and increase as you go from left to right. Thus, you can deduce that the most electronegative elements are found in the upper right corner which includes O, N and F atoms. Any bond created between Hydrogen and any of O, N and F atoms is a polar bond.
