In a high-mass star, hydrogen fusion occurs via the CNO (Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen) cycle.
According to the life cycle of a star, there are three main phases in the life of a star: The initial phase (a quick phase), short phase or supergiant phase and death phase or supernova explosion.
the CNO cycle means Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen cycle and this process tale place during main sequence phase.
In this phase, hydrogen fuses into helium as a result of six different reaction taking place inside a star.
The first step of the sequence begins when the nucleus of carbon 12 isotope emits gamma rays after capturing a proton and produces nitrogen-13.
This whole cycle is known as stellar nucleosynthesis.
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Answer: -
The first step involves protonation of the carbonyl oxygen.
After protonation, the Alcohol oxygen now attacks the carbon of the carbonyl.
Thus a six membered ring is formed with 5 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom. The 1st position carbon atom has 2 OH groups.
One of these gets again protonated.
This leaves as water. With the loss of the H+, there results a carbonyl at 1 position.
Thus 5-hydroxypentanoic acid forms a lactone or 2-oxanone in presence of acid.
Moles of water atoms = mass/molecular weight = 105/18 = 5.83 mol. Number of moles of hydrogen in water = 2 x moles of water = 11.66. Number of H atoms in water = moles of hydrogen x 6.02 x 10^23 = 7.019 x 10^24 ~ 7.02 x 10^24 atoms. Hope this helps.
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