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3 years ago

A. Identify the steps of the scientific method?

Chemistry

1 answer:

DedPeter [7]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

1. The steps of the scientific method consist of seven things: Ask a question, get the research needed for a experiment, (What are you trying to find out? What materials do I need to complete the experiment? What are the procedures needed to complete the experiment?) create a hypothesis, (your educated guess on what you think the results of the experiment will be) conduct a experiment (complete multiple different trials preferably three) to test your hypothesis, make observations and record data during the experiment, draw a conclusion, (Was your hypothesis correct? Yes or no and explain why it is wrong or right) present your findings.

2. A hypothesis is a educated guess that the scientist believe will be the answer at the end of the experiment which is why they conduct a experiment in the first place to find viable data that will support their hypothesis.

3. Predictions consist of theories that will test the hypothesis (educated guess) because they're the reasoning to why you believe your guess is correct.

4. A control group consists of variables that do not go through change during a experiment, things that remain the same.

5. Data can be presented in many different ways in the form of graphs, charts, or a research paper. You find the data by completing multiple different trials in a experiment, to make sure you have valid results to write down in your data research.

6. Remember that your hypothesis is your educated guess at the beginning of the experiment, what YOU thought was going to happen during the experiment and if the data you received during the experiment supports your hypothesis.

7. Your procedures, perhaps you measured a variable wrong, perhaps you used to much, or to little of a variable, all depends on your experiment.

8. Having people review and test your data by conducting their own experiments will not only make sure that your data is valid but it insures you even more of your conclusion, making it more accepted by other scientists.

Hope this helps.

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% error = $\frac{|experimental - theoretical|}{theoretical}$ x 100%

Experimental: 2.85
Actual (theoretical): 2.70

% error = $\frac{2.85-2.70}{2.70}$ x 100% = .055555 x 100% = 5.56%

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4 years ago

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2 years ago

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3 years ago

Two solutions namely, 500 ml of 0.50 m hcl and 500 ml of 0.50 m naoh at the same temperature of 21.6 are mixed in a constant-pre

weeeeeb [17]

24.6 ℃

<h3>Explanation</h3>

Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide reacts by the following equation:

$\text{HCl} \; (aq) + \text{NaOH} \; (aq) \to \text{NaCl} \; (aq) + \text{H}_2\text{O} \; (aq)$

which is equivalent to

$\text{H}^{+} \; (aq) + \text{OH}^{-} \; (aq) \to \text{H}_2\text{O}\; (l)$

The question states that the second equation has an enthalpy, or "heat", of neutralization of $-56.2 \; \text{kJ}$ . Thus the combination of every mole of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in solution would produce $56.2 \; \text{kJ}$ or $56.2 \times 10^{3}\; \text{J}$ of energy.

500 milliliter of a 0.50 mol per liter "M" solution contains 0.25 moles of the solute. There are thus 0.25 moles of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in the two 0.500 milliliter solutions, respectively. They would combine to release $0.25 \times 56.2 \times 10^{3} = 1.405 \times 10^{4} \; \text{J}$ of energy.

Both the solution and the calorimeter absorb energy released in this neutralization reaction. Their temperature change is dependent on the heat capacity <em>C</em> of the two objects, combined.

The question has given the heat capacity of the calorimeter directly.

The heat capacity (the one without mass in the unit) of water is to be calculated from its mass and <em>specific</em> heat.

The calorimeter contains 1.00 liters or $1.00 \times 10^{3} \; \text{ml}$ of the 1.0 gram per milliliter solution. Accordingly, it would have a mass of $1.00 \times 10^{3} \; \text{g}$ .

The solution has a specific heat of $4.184 \; \text{J} \cdot \text{g}^{-1} \cdot \text{K}^{-1}$ . The solution thus have a heat capacity of $4.184 \times 1.00 \times 10^{3} = 4.184 \times 10^{3} \; \text{J} \cdot\text{K}^{-1}$ . Note that one degree Kelvins K is equivalent to one degree celsius ℃ in temperature change measurements.

The calorimeter-solution system thus has a heat capacity of $4.634 \times 10^{3} \; \text{J} \cdot \text{K}^{-1}$ , meaning that its temperature would rise by 1 degree celsius on the absorption of 4.634 × 10³ joules of energy. $1.405 \times 10^{4} \; \text{J}$ are available from the reaction. Thus, the temperature of the system shall have risen by 3.03 degrees celsius to 24.6 degrees celsius by the end of the reaction.

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