Vinegar is an ingredient commonly used by chefs. Scientists also use it as well, although they call it acetic acid. When vinegar
is in its liquid or solid (frozen) states, it has a fixed volume. But when vinegar is in its gas state, it takes up the entire volume of whatever container it is in. This is why you can smell an open bottle of vinegar the minute you walk into a kitchen, even though you cannot actually see the gas particles! Which statement best explains why the volume of vinegar gas is changeable as opposed to the fixed volume of its solid and liquid states?
A. Gas particles are always at a higher pressure than solids and liquids.
B. Gas particles are always at a higher temperature than solids and liquids.
C. Gas particles are spaced far apart and can move freely.
D. Gas particles stay close together but can move around each other.
In this case, since this is a system in which the water is heated up and the metal is cooled down in a calorimeter which is not affected by the heat lose-gain process, we can infer that the heat lost by the metal is gained be water, it means that we can write:
Thus, in terms of masses, specific heats and temperatures we can write:
Whereas the equilibrium temperature is the given final temperature of 28.4 °C and we can compute the specific heat of the metal as shown below:
Plugging the values in and since the density of water is 1.00 g/mL so the mass is 80.0g, we obtain:
Some aphid species inject a toxin into plants, which causes leaves to curl and further distorts growth. A few species cause gall formations. Aphids may transmit viruses from plant to plant on certain vegetable and ornamental plants. ... The viruses mottle, yellow, or curl leaves and stunt plant growth.