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If the heating is done on one small area on the top, there will be convection. If the heating is restricted to a small fraction of the heating area, then within that area the heating will go deeper than anywhere else on the surface. Then unheated area will have a shallower region of high temperature. Then some convection will occur in the deeper layers, causing some motion on top.
This happens quite a bit during welding. Convection is very significant in welding, even when the heating is from the top.
Answer:
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, given the acid, we can suppose a simple dissociation as:
Which occurs in aqueous phase, therefore, the law of mass action is written by:
That in terms of the change due to the reaction's extent we can write:
But we prefer to compute the Kb due to its exceptional weakness:
Next, the acid dissociation in the presence of the base we have:
Whose solution is which equals the concentration of hydroxyl in the solution, thus we compute the pOH:
Finally, since the maximum scale is 14, we can compute the pH by knowing the pOH:
Regards.
The correct answer is the octet rule.
Octet rule states that atoms tend to bond in order to have 8 electrons in their outer most electron orbit achieve stable configurations of noble gases.
When atoms form covalent bonds, they achieve the goal of having 8 electrons by sharing the electrons.
In ionic bond, atom either gain or lose an electron and form ions that have the stable configuration of 8 valence electrons.
Not all atoms follow the octet rule and there are many exceptions and variations.
Answer: Option (D) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Atomic number of chlorine is 17 and its electronic distribution is 2, 8, 7.
So, in order to attain stability it tends to gain one electron from a donor atom. Therefore, a chlorine ion is formed as .
As it gains only one electron that is why, -1 charge occurs.
Whereas Ar is a noble gas with atomic number 18. As it has completely filled octet so it will be unreactive in nature as it is already stable.
Similarly, He is also a noble gas so it is unreactive in nature.
Atomic number of boron (B) is 5 with electronic distribution 2, 3. So, in order to attain stability it needs to lose 3 electrons.
Thus, we can conclude that Cl is the atom which tends to gain 1 valence electron from another atom in order to become stable.