The Aufbau principle states that, hypothetically, electrons orbiting one or more atoms fill the lowest available energy levels before filling higher levels (e.g., 1s before 2s). In this way, the electrons of an atom, molecule, or ion harmonize into the most stable electron configuration possible.
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M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
(0.050M)*(10 mL) = (0.10M)*(x)
x = 5 mL
You would take 5 mL of the 0.10 M solution of HCl and add 5 mL of deionized water. Therefore, the total volume will be 10 mL and it will have a molarity of 0.050.
Free energy is used to determine how systems change and how much work they can produce.
If the free energy of the reactants is greater than that of the products, the entropy will increase when the reaction takes place so the reaction will tend to take place spontaneously. If the free energy of the products exceeds that of the reactants, then the reaction will not take place
The Gibb's free energy change (ΔG) is:
ΔG<0⟶ Spontaneous process
ΔG>0⟶ Non-spontaneous process
ΔG=0⟶ Equilibrium process or reversible process
Gibb's free energy is a quantity used to measure the maximum amount of work done in a thermodynamic system , when the temperature and pressure are constant .
It is a state function hence it doesn't depend on path .
ΔG = ΔH - T(ΔS)
Learn more about free energy here :
brainly.com/question/10012881
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Concentration of Ni in 20mL = 5.28ppm x dilution factor = 5.28 x 100/5 = 105.6 ppm = 105.6 mg/L
molar mass of Ni = 58.6934 g
<span>Molarity of Ni = 100.40 x 10^{-3} / 58.6934 = 1.71 x 10^{-3} M = 1.71 mM. </span>
