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Naddika [18.5K]
3 years ago
8

Filling Air Bags Automobile air bags produce nitrogen gas from the reaction:

Chemistry
1 answer:
Alja [10]3 years ago
8 0

(a) The work done by the nitrogen against external pressure is 126.66 J.

(b) The change in the internal energy of the system is -2,466.66 J.

The given parameters:

  • <em>Mass of the compound, = 2.25 g</em>
  • <em>External pressure, P = 1.0 atm = 101325 Pa</em>
  • <em>Density of Nitrogen gas, ρ = 1.165 g/L</em>
  • <em>Temperature of the Nitrogen gas, T = 20⁰C</em>

<em />

The molar mass of the given compound is calculated as follows;

NaN₃ = 23+ (14 x 3) = 65 g/mol

65 g -------------- 42

2.25 g ------------- ?

= \frac{2.25 \times 42}{65} \\\\= 1.45 \ g

The volume of the nitrogen gas is calculated as follows;

\rho = \frac{m}{V} \\\\V = \frac{m}{\rho} \\\\V = \frac{1.45}{1.165} \\\\V = 1.25 \ L

V = 0.00125 \ m^3

The work done by the nitrogen against external pressure is calculated as follows;

W = PV\\\\W = 101325 \times 0.00125\\\\W = 126.66 \ J

The change in the internal energy of the system is calculated by applying first law of thermodynamics as follows;

\Delta E = Q - W\\\\\Delta E = (-2,340) - (126.66)\\\\\Delta E = -2,466.66 \ J

Learn more about first law of thermodynamics here: brainly.com/question/2965070

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The theoretical yield of a substance is the amount of the mass that is calculated from stoichiometry. The mass of sodium chloride produced is 13.03 gms.

<h3>What is mass?</h3>

Mass of the substance is a multiplication of the molar mass and moles.

The balanced reaction is given as:

CuCl₂ + 2NaNO₃ ⇒ 2NaCl + Cu(NO₃)₂

Moles of copper chloride are calculated as: 15 ÷ 134.45 = 0.115 moles

Moles of sodium nitrate are calculated as: 20 ÷ 84.99 = 0.2353 moles

From the reaction, 1 mole of copper chloride gives 2 moles of sodium chloride so, 0.115 moles of copper chloride will produce 0.223 moles.

Similarly, 2 moles of sodium nitrate produce 2 moles of sodium chloride so, 0.2353 moles produce 0.4706 moles.

From this, it can be concluded that copper chloride is a limiting reagent and will be used to calculate the mass of NaCl.

Mass of NaCl is calculated as: Mass = 0.223 moles × 58.44 = 13.03 gms.

Therefore, 13.03 gms is the theoretical yield of sodium chloride.

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2 years ago
Identify a type of strong intermolecular force that exists between water molecules, but does not exist between carbon dioxide mo
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Hydrogen bonding is a stronger force of attraction between hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom (F, N, and O). So, water molecules exhibit hydrogen bonding.

In carbon dioxide molecules, although each C=O is polar the molecule as a whole will be non polar due to symmetry. Therefore, the only intermolecular forces in CO2 will be dispersion forces.

Hence, Hydrogen bonding exists between water molecules but not carbon dioxide molecules.

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INFORMATION:

We have the following statements

And we must complete them

STEP BY STEP EXPLANATION:

To complete the statements, we need to classify matter according to its state:

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there is not enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular interactions between the particles. As a result, solids have a definite shape and volume.

- Liquid:

That describes the liquid state. In a liquid, the particles are still in close contact, so liquids have a definite volume. However, because the particles can move about each other rather freely, a liquid has no definite shape and takes a shape dictated by its container.

- Gas:

That describes the gas state, which we will consider in more detail elsewhere. Like liquids, gases have no definite shape, but unlike solids and liquids, gases have no definite volume either.

Finally, we know that:

- A solid has a definite volume and has a definite shape

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ANSWER:

- A solid has a definite volume and has a definite shape

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Which of the following atoms or ions does not have a filled outer subshell?CaSZn2+S2Ca2+
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We look at electronic configurations:

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S      1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴ - the outer subshell 3p⁴ is not fully-filled with electrons

Zn²⁺  1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s⁰ - here the 4s subshell is higher in energy than 3d subshell so will consider 3d¹⁰ the out subshell which is fully-filled with electrons

S²⁻  1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p² - the outer subshell 3p² is not fully-filled with electrons

Ca²⁺ 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ - the outer subshell 3p⁶ is fully-filled with electrons

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