All categories

2 years ago

12. Compare and contrast hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions.

Chemistry

1 answer:

mrs_skeptik [129]2 years ago

4 0

Explanation:

Van der Waals interactions occur between any two or more molecules. They are caused by a fluctuation in electron density, as electrons are not actually fixed in a shell, but actually freely moving as a 'cloud of electron density'. This means that sometimes one end of a molecule can become more partially negatively charged as all electrons move to that side, and conversely it can attract the more partially positive end of a molecule (that has little electrons).

Hydrogen bonds only occur between molecules that contain oxygen, nitrogen and fluorine bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Hydrogen bonding is also the strongest intermolecular force there is, but not strong in comparison to ionic and covalent bonds. Therefore, hydrogen bonds are much stronger than Van der Waals forces. Hydrogen bonds only form if oxygen, nitrogen and fluorine are bonded to a hydrogen atom, as they have the greatest electronegativity differences (look at an electronegativity table), and when the overall molecule is polar (have unequal charges). This allows the molecule to be able to attract another molecule from one of the bonded atoms to a hydrogen atom.

You might be interested in

How many ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid would be required to make 1 L of a 0.2 M solution? Assume that concentrated hydroc

fgiga [73]

Answer: The volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid required is 16.53 mL

Explanation:

To calculate the volume of concentrated solution, we use the equation:

$M_1V_1=M_2V_2$

where,

$M_1\text{ and }V_1$ are the molarity and volume of the concentrated solution

$M_2\text{ and }V_2$ are the molarity and volume of diluted solution

We are given:

Conversion factor: 1 L = 1000 mL

$M_1=12.1M\\V_1=?mL\\M_2=0.2M\\V_2=1L=1000mL$

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$12.1\times V_1=0.2\times 1000\\\\V_1=16.53mL$

Hence, the volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid required is 16.53 mL

3 0

3 years ago

What is the most common of all compounds are composed of molecules whose atoms are arranged in a straight chain, a branched chai

Gemiola [76]

Sugar's carbon molecules can be arranged in a straight chain, a branched chain, or a ring.

3 0

3 years ago

Express 250,000 mL in liters. A) 0.25 L B) 2,500 L C) 25 L D) 250 L

elena-s [515]

D) 250l
Explanation :
250,000/1000

5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Which of the following is not a catalyst? A. Nickel B. Platinum C. Enzymes D. Phosphorus

Mazyrski [523]

The answer would be D because from my research it's the only one that didn't have a catalyst

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

A. Clearly draw the Lewis structure for the PBr4- ion. Show your math where

Nataliya [291]

Answer:

Br-P-Br

Explanation:

To calculate the valance electrons, look at the periodic table to find the valance electrons for each atom and add them together. P is in column 5A, so it has 5, Br is in column 7A, so it has 7 (multiply by 4 since there are 4 Br atoms to give 28) and there is a 1- charge, so add one more electron. 5+28+1=34, so there are 34 electrons to place. P would be the central atom, so place it in the middle. Place each Br around the P (as shown above) with a a single line connecting it. Each line represents 2 electrons, so 8 total have been place, leaving 26 remaining. Place 6 electrons around each Br (2 on each of the unbonded sides), which leaves 2 electrons remaining. The remaining pair of unbound electrons will be attached to the P between any two Br atoms. Phosphorus doesn't have to follow the octet rule, so it actually ends up with 10 valance electrons.

4 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers