It’s basically that’s any system that’s closed to all transfers of matter and energy the mass of the system has to remain constant over time because they can’t change meaning you can’t add or remove from it
Answer : The time required for decay is, 84 days.
Explanation :
Half-life of chromium-51 = 28 days
First we have to calculate the rate constant, we use the formula :



Now we have to calculate the time required for decay.
Expression for rate law for first order kinetics is given by:

where,
k = rate constant
t = time taken by sample = ?
a = let initial activity of the sample = 100
a - x = amount left after decay process = 12.5
Now put all the given values in above equation, we get


Therefore, the time required for decay is, 84 days.
Answer:
c) Both a) and b)
Explanation:
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By 1.23 x 1024 you mean 10 to the power of 24 molecules? If so all you need to do is divide the number of molecules you have by Avagadros number, 6.022 x 10^23. This will give you the mols of water, or the mols of anything, since there is always 6.022 x 10^23 molecules in 1 mol of substance.
1.23x10^24 atoms/6.022x10^23 atom/mol = 2.04 mol H20