What causes heat flow
1 answer:
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Answer:
(a) The maximum height achieved by the first ball, m₁ is 0.11 m
(a) The maximum height achieved by the second ball, m₂ ball is 0.44 m
Explanation:
Given;
mass of the first ball, m₁ = 1 kg
mass of the second ball, m₂ = 2 kg
The velocity of the first when released from a height of 1 m before collision;
u₁² = u₀² + 2gh
u₀ = 0, since it was released from rest
u₁² = 2gh
u₁² = 2 x 9.8 x 1
u₁² = 19.6
u₁ = √19.6
u₁ = 4.427 m/s
The velocity of the second ball before collision, u₂ = 0
Apply the principle of conservation of linear momentum, to determine the velocity of the balls after an elastic collision.
m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂
where;
v₁ is the final velocity of the first ball after an elastic collision
v₂ is the final velocity of the second ball after an elastic collision
m₁u₁ + m₂(0) = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂
m₁u₁ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂
1 x 4.427 = v₁ + 2v₂
v₁ + 2v₂ = 4.427
v₁ = 4.427 - 2v₂ ----- equation (1)
one directional velocity;
u₁ + v₁ = u₂ + v₂
u₂ = 0
u₁ + v₁ = v₂
v₁ = v₂ - u₁
v₁ = v₂ - 4.427 ------ equation (2)
Substitute v₁ into equation (1)
v₂ - 4.427 = 4.427 - 2v₂
3v₂ = 4.427 + 4.427
3v₂ = 8.854
v₂ = 8.854 / 3
v₂ = 2.95 m/s (→ forward direction)
v₁ = v₂ - 4.427
v₁ = 2.95 - 4.427
v₁ = - 1.477 m/s
v₁ = 1.477 m/s ( ← backward direction)
Apply the law of conservation of mechanical energy
(a) The maximum height achieved by the first ball (v₁ = 1.477 m/s)
(b) The maximum height achieved by the second ball (v₂ = 2.95 m/s)
Answer:
His launching angle was 14.72°
Explanation:
Please, see the figure for a graphic representation of the problem.
In a parabolic movement, the velocity and displacement vectors are two-component vectors because the object moves along the horizontal and vertical axis.
The horizontal component of the velocity is constant, while the vertical component has a negative acceleration due to gravity. Then, the velocity can be written as follows:
v = (vx, vy)
where vx is the component of v in the horizontal and vy is the component of v in the vertical.
In terms of the launch angle, each component of the initial velocity can be written using the trigonometric rules of a right triangle (see attached figure):
sin angle = opposite / hypotenuse
cos angle = adjacent / hypotenuse
In our case, the side opposite the angle is the module of v0y and the side adjacent to the angle is the module of vx. The hypotenuse is the module of the initial velocity (v0). Then:
sin angle = v0y / v0 then: v0y = v0 * sin angle
In the same way for vx:
vx = v0 * cos angle
Using the equation for velocity in the x-axis we can find the equation for the horizontal position:
dx / dt = v0 * cos angle
dx = (v0 * cos angle) dt (integrating from initial position, x0, to position at time t and from t = 0 and t = t)
x - x0 = v0 t cos angle
x = x0 + v0 t cos angle
For the displacement in the y-axis, the velocity is not constant because the acceleration of the gravity:
dvy / dt = g ( separating variables and integrating from v0y and vy and from t = 0 and t)
vy -v0y = g t
vy = v0y + g t
vy = v0 * sin angle + g t
The position will be:
dy/dt = v0 * sin angle + g t
dy = v0 sin angle dt + g t dt (integrating from y = y0 and y and from t = 0 and t)
y = y0 + v0 t sin angle + 1/2 g t²
The displacement vector at a time "t" will be:
r = (x0 + v0 t cos angle, y0 + v0 t sin angle + 1/2 g t²)
If the launching and landing positions are at the same height, then the displacement vector, when the object lands, will be (see figure)
r = (x0 + v0 t cos angle, 0)
The module of this vector will be the the total displacement (65 m)
module of r =
65 m = x0 + v0 t cos angle ( x0 = 0)
65 m / v0 cos angle = t
Then, using the equation for the position in the y-axis:
y = y0 + v0 t sin angle + 1/2 g t²
0 = y0 + v0 t sin angle + 1/2 g t²
replacing t = 65 m / v0 cos angle and y0 = 0
0 = 65m (v0 sin angle / v0 cos angle) + 1/2 g (65m / v0 cos angle)²
cancelating v0:
0 = 65m (sin angle / cos angle) + 1/2 g * (65m)² / (v0² cos² angle)
-65m (sin angle / cos angle) = 1/2 g * (65m)² / (v0² cos² angle)
using g = -9.8 m/s²
-(sin angle / cos angle) * (cos² angle) = -318.5 m²/ s² / v0²
sin angle * cos angle = 318.5 m²/ s² / (36 m/s)²
(using trigonometric identity: sin x cos x = sin (2x) / 2
sin (2* angle) /2 = 0.25
sin (2* angle) = 0.49
2 * angle = 29.44
<u>angle = 14.72°</u>
