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disa [49]
3 years ago
15

A mixture of nacl and sucrose (c12h22o11) of combined mass 10.2 g is dissolved in enough water to make up a 250 ml solution. the

osmotic pressure of the solution is 7.75 atm at 23°c. calculate the mass percent of nacl in the mixture.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Vilka [71]3 years ago
4 0
We use the osmotic pressure to determine the concentration of the solute in the solution. Then, we multiply the volume of the solution to determine the number of moles of solute particles. We need to establish to equations since we have two unknowns, the mass of of each solute. We do as follows:

osmotic pressure = CRT 
<span>C = 7.75 / 0.08205 (296.15) = 0.3189 mol / L</span>
<span>moles of particles = C*V = 0.3189*0.250 =0.0797 mol </span>
<span>0.0797 = moles of sucrose + 2*moles of salt </span>

<span>x + 2y = 0.0797 </span>
<span>and </span>
<span>x(MMsucrose) + y(MMNaCl) = 10.2</span>
<span>342x + 58.5y = 10.2
</span>
<span>solve for x and y
</span>
<span>x = 0.0252 mol sucrose</span>
<span>y = 0.0273 mol NaCl
 </span>
<span>mass Sucrose = 0.0252(342) = 8.6184 g </span>
<span>mass NaCl = 0.0273(58.5) = 1.5971 g </span>
<span>% NaCl = (1.5971 / 10.2)*100 = 15.66%</span>
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What is the volume of 14.0g of nitrogen gas at STP?
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Answer:

  • <em>The volume of 14.0 g of nitrogen gas at STP is </em><u><em>11.2 liter.</em></u>

Explanation:

STP stands for standard pressure and temperature.

The International Institute of of Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC changed the definition of standard temperature and pressure (STP) in 1982:

  •   Before the change, STP was defined as a temperature of 273.15 K and an absolute pressure of exactly 1 atm (101.325 kPa).

  •    After the change, STP is defined as a temperature of 273.15 K and an absolute pressure of exactly 105 Pa (100 kPa, 1 bar).

Using the ideal gas equation of state, PV = nRT you can calculate the volume of one mole (n = 1)  of gas. With the former definition, the volume of a mol of gas at STP, rounded to 3 significant figures, was 22.4 liter. This is classical well known result.

With the later definition, the volume of a mol of gas at STP is 22.7 liter.

I will use the traditional measure of 22.4 liter per mole of gas.

<u>1) Convert 14.0 g of nitrogen gas to number of moles:</u>

  • n = mass in grams / molar mass
  • Atomic mass of nitrogen: 14.0 g/mol
  • Nitrogen gas is a diatomic molecule, so the molar mass of nitrogen gas = molar mass of N₂ = 14.0 × 2 g/mol = 28.0 g/mol
  • n = 14.0 g / 28.0 g/mol = 0.500 mol

<u>2) Set a proportion to calculate the volume of nitrogen gas:</u>

  • 22.4 liter / mol = x  / 0.500 mol
  • Solve for x: x = 0.500 mol × 22.4 liter / mol = 11.2 liter.

<u>Conclusion:</u> the volume of 14.0 g of nitrogen gas at STP is 11.2 liter.

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