The complete sentence is:
A calorimeter directly measures changes in temperature in order to calculate specific heat.
In fact, the amount of energy acquired/released by a substance is directly proportional to its change in temperature due to the equation
where Q is the amount of energy, m is the mass of the substance, Cs is the specific heat of the substance and 
is the change in temperature. Therefore, by knowing Q, m and by measuring the change in temperature, it is possible to calculate Cs, the specific heat capacity of the substance.
From the starting depth to the surface, the vertical distance is 35 ft.
From the surface to the peak of the jump, the vertical distance is 27 ft.
From the peak of the jump to the surface, the vertical distance is 27 ft.
From the surface to the ending depth, the vertical distance is 18 ft.
Then the total vertical distance is ...
35 ft + 27 ft + 27 ft + 18 ft = 107 ft
There is no change in ocean water temperature when it is from the ocean surface to a depth of 1 km.
No, it will only melt if the temperature is lowered. If you compress it, it will change the shape, but it will not change the state it is in (i.e. solid).
