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2 years ago

2. The most common way to identify size of pipe is by:

Engineering

1 answer:

elena-14-01-66 [18.8K]2 years ago

5 0

Answer:

The string method (which measures the pipe's circumference) is probably the best way to determine your pipe diameter size. The circumference is the distance it takes to go around the pipe once.

Explanation:

It measures the pipe's circumference and is probably the best way to determine your pipe diameter size. The circumference is the distance it takes to go around the pipe once.

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Basic output with variables (Java) This zyLab activity is intended for students to prepare for a larger programming assignment.

9966 [12]

Answer:

Explanation:

3 0

2 years ago

1. A cylindrical casting is 0.3 m in diameter and 0.5 m in length. Another casting has the same metal is rectangular in cross-se

Lorico [155]

Based on the Chvorinov's rule, the diference in the solidification times of the two castings is 14.092 times the solidification time of the prism casting.

<h3>How to apply the Chvorinov's rule for casting processes</h3>

The Chvorinov's rule is an empirical method to estimate the cooling time of a casting in terms of a reference time. This rule states that cooling time (t) is directly proportional to the square of the volume (V), in cubic meters, divided to the surface area (A), in square meters. Now we proceed to model each casting:

<h3>Cylindrical casting</h3>

t = C · [0.25π · D² · L/(0.5π · D² + π · D · L)]²

t = C · [0.25 · D · L/(0.5 · D + L)]² (1)

<h3>Prism casting</h3>

t' = C · [3 · T² · L/(6 · T · L + 2 · T · L + 6 · T²)]²

t' = C · [3 · T · L/(8 · L + 6 · T)]² (2)

<h3>Relationship between the cross sections of both castings</h3>

3 · T² = 0.25π · D² (3)

Where:

t - Cooling time of the cylindrical casting, in time unit.
t' - Cooling time of the prism casting, in time unit.
C - Cooling factor, in time unit per square meter.
D - Diameter of the cylinder, in meters.
L - Length of the casting, in meters.
T - Width of the cross section of the prism casting, in meters.

If we know that D = 0.3 m, then the thickness of the prism casting is:

$T = \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{12} }\cdot D$

T ≈ 0.153 m

And (1) and (2) simplified into these forms:

<h3>Cylindrical casting</h3>

t = C · {0.25π · (0.3 m) · (0.5 m)/[0.5 · (0.3 m) + 0.5 m]}²

t = 0.0329 · C (1b)

<h3>Prism casting</h3>

t' = C · {3 · (0.153 m) · (0.5 m)/[8 · (0.5 m) + 6 · (0.153 m)]}²

t' = 0.00218 · C (2b)

Lastly we find the percentual difference in the solidification times of the two castings by using the following expression:

r = (1 - t'/t) × 100 %

r = (1 - 0.00218/0.0329) × 100 %

r = 93.374 %

The cooling time of the prism casting is 6.626 % of the solidification time of the cylindrical casting. The diference in the solidification times of the two castings is 14.092 times the solidification time of the prism casting. $\blacksquare$

To learn more on solidification times, we kindly invite to check this verified question: brainly.com/question/13536247

3 0

2 years ago

Can someone please help me with this I've an exams tomorrow

krok68 [10]

Take another picture i cant see nun

5 0

2 years ago

Design a PI controller to improve the steady-state error. The system should operate with a damping ratio of 0.8. Compute the ove

blondinia [14]

Answer:

The MATLAB Code for this PI Controller will be:

Kp = 350;

Ki = 300;

Kd = 50;

C = pid(Kp,Ki,Kd)

T = feedback(C*P,1);

t = 0:0.01:2;

step(T,t)

Explanation:

When you are designing a PID controller for a given system, follow the steps shown below to obtain a desired response.

Obtain an open-loop response and determine what needs to be improved

Add a proportional control to improve the rise time

Add a derivative control to reduce the overshoot

Add an integral control to reduce the steady-state error

Adjust each of the gains $K_p$, $K_i$, and $K_d$ until you obtain a desired overall response.

The further explanation is attached in the Word File.

Download docx

5 0

3 years ago

The solid cylinders AB and BC are bonded together at B and are attached to fixed supports at A and C. The modulus of rigidity is

romanna [79]

Answer:

a) 0.697*10³ lb.in

b) 6.352 ksi

Explanation:

For cylinder AB:

Let Length of AB = 12 in

$c=\frac{1}{2}d=\frac{1}{2} *1.1=0.55in\\ J=\frac{\pi c^4}{2}=\frac{\pi}{2}0.55^4=0.1437\ in^4\\$

$\phi_B=\frac{T_{AB}L}{GJ}=\frac{T_{AB}*12}{3.3*10^6*0.1437} =2.53*10^{-5}T_{AB}$

For cylinder BC:

Let Length of BC = 18 in

$c=\frac{1}{2}d=\frac{1}{2} *2.2=1.1in\\ J=\frac{\pi c^4}{2}=\frac{\pi}{2}1.1^4=2.2998\ in^4\\$

$\phi_B=\frac{T_{BC}L}{GJ}=\frac{T_{BC}*18}{5.9*10^6*2.2998} =1.3266*10^{-6}T_{BC}$

$2.53*10^{-5}T_{AB}=1.3266*10^{-6}T_{BC}\\T_{BC}=19.0717T_{AB}$

$T_{AB}+T_{BC}-T=0\\T_{AB}+T_{BC}=T\\T_{AB}+T_{BC}=14*10^3\ lb.in\\but\ T_{BC}=19.0717T_{AB}\\T_{AB}+19.0717T_{AB}=14*10^3\\20.0717T_{AB}=14*10^3\\T_{AB}=0.697*10^3\ lb.in\\T_{BC}=13.302*10^3\ lb.in$

b) Maximum shear stress in BC

$\tau_{BC}=\frac{T_{BC}}{J}c=13.302*10^3*1.1/2.2998=6.352\ ksi$

Maximum shear stress in AB

$\tau_{AB}=\frac{T_{AB}}{J}c=0.697*10^3*0.55/0.1437=2.667\ ksi$

8 0

3 years ago