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Dominik [7]
3 years ago
14

Calculate the solubilities of the following compounds in a 0.02 M solution of barium nitrate using molar concentrations, first i

gnoring ionic strength and activities.
a. silver iodate
b. barium sulfate
c. Repeat the above calculations using ionic strength and activities.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Law Incorporation [45]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

a. 1.7 × 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹; b. 5.5 × 10⁻⁹ mol·L⁻¹

c. 2.3 × 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹;    5.5 × 10⁻⁸ mol·L⁻¹

Explanation:

a. Silver iodate

Let s = the molar solubility.  

                     AgIO₃(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + IO₃⁻(aq); Ksp = 3.0 × 10⁻⁸

E/mol·L⁻¹:                               s               s

K_{sp} =\text{[Ag$^{+}$][IO$_{3}$$^{-}$]} = s\times s =  s^{2} = 3.0\times 10^{-8}\\s = \sqrt{3.0\times 10^{-8}} \text{ mol/L} = 1.7 \times 10^{-4} \text{ mol/L}

b. Barium sulfate

                     BaSO₄(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq); Ksp = 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰

I/mol·L⁻¹:                                0.02             0

C/mol·L⁻¹:                                 +s              +s

E/mol·L⁻¹:                            0.02 + s          s

K_{sp} =\text{[Ba$^{2+}$][SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$]} = (0.02 + s) \times s \approx  0.02s = 1.1\times 10^{-10}\\s = \dfrac{1.1\times 10^{-10}}{0.02} \text{ mol/L} = 5.5 \times 10^{-9} \text{ mol/L}

c. Using ionic strength and activities

(i) Calculate the ionic strength of 0.02 mol·L⁻¹ Ba(NO₃)₂

The formula for ionic strength is  

\mu = \dfrac{1}{2} \sum_{i} {c_{i}z_{i}^{2}}\\\\\mu = \dfrac{1}{2} (\text{[Ba$^{2+}$]}\cdot (2+)^{2} + \text{[NO$_{3}$$^{-}$]}\times(-1)^{2}) = \dfrac{1}{2} (\text{0.02}\times 4 + \text{0.04}\times1)= \dfrac{1}{2} (0.08 + 0.04)\\\\= \dfrac{1}{2} \times0.12 = 0.06

(ii) Silver iodate

a. Calculate the activity coefficients of the ions

\log \gamma = -0.51z^{2}\sqrt{I} = -0.051(1)^{2}\sqrt{0.06} = -0.51\times 0.24 = -0.12\\\gamma = 10^{-0.12} = 0.75

b. Calculate the solubility

AgIO₃(s) ⇌ Ag⁺(aq) + IO₃⁻(aq)

K_{sp} =\text{[Ag$^{+}$]$\gamma_{Ag^{+}}$[IO$_{3}$$^{-}$]$\gamma_{IO_{3}^{-}}$} = s\times0.75\times s \times 0.75 =0.56s^{2}= 3.0 \times 10^{-8}\\s^{2} = \dfrac{3.0 \times 10^{-8}}{0.56} = 5.3 \times 10^{-8}\\\\s =2.3 \times 10^{-4}\text{ mol/L}

(iii) Barium sulfate

a. Calculate the activity coefficients of the ions

\log \gamma = -0.51z^{2}\sqrt{I} = -0.051(2)^{2}\sqrt{0.06} = -0.51\times16\times 0.24 = -0.50\\\gamma = 10^{-0.50} = 0.32

b. Calculate the solubility

BaSO₄(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq

K_{sp} =\text{[Ba$^{2+}$]$\gamma_{ Ba^{2+}}$[SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$]$\gamma_{ SO_{4}^{2-}}$} = (0.02 + s) \times 0.32\times s\times 0.32 \approx  0.02\times0.10s\\2.0\times 10^{-3}s = 1.1 \times 10^{-10}\\s = \dfrac{1.1\times 10^{-10}}{2.0 \times 10^{-3}} \text{ mol/L} = 5.5 \times 10^{-8} \text{ mol/L}

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Olegator [25]
Molarity =  Moles/Liter

Use the molecular atomic mass of NaCl to convert from grams to moles.
Molecular mass of NaCl is the sum of its atomic masses. Look at the periodic table to find these. Na is 23 g/mol and Cl is 35.5 g/mol ,
so NaCl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5 g/mol

multiply to cancel out grams
76 g NaCl * (1mol / 58.5 g NaCl) = 1.3 mol NaCl

over 1 Liter is just 1.3 M NaCl
Hope this helps!
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