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2 years ago

Advantage and disadvantages of Bessemer process of steel making

Engineering

1 answer:

Snowcat [4.5K]2 years ago

7 0

Advantages:

- allowed steel to be produced without fuel

- using the impurities of the iron to create the necessary heat

- reduced the costs of steel production

Disadvantages:

- could convert only a pig iron low in phosphorus and sulfur

- these elements could have been removed by adding a basic flux such as lime, but the basic sl*g produced would have degraded the acidic refractory lining of Bessemer's converter.

au revoir mon amour <3

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Ventajas motor avion

Sauron [17]

Answer:

Explanation:

Usar motores eléctricos en aviones ofrece numerosas ventajas reales. A diferencia de los motores de combustión interna los motores eléctricos no necesitan aire para funcionar, lo que significa que pueden mantener toda su capacidad y potencia incluso a altitudes elevadas donde el aire es más tenue.

4 0

3 years ago

An ideal reheat Rankine cycle with water as the working fluid operates the boiler at 15,000 kPa, the reheater at 2000 kPa, and t

solniwko [45]

Answer:

See the explanation below.

Explanation:

First find the enthalpies h₁, h₂, h₃, h₄, h₅, and h₆.

Find h₁:

Using Saturated Water Table and given pressure p₁ = 100 kPa

h₁ = 417.5 kJ/kg

Find h₂:

In order to find h₂, add the $w_{p}$ to h₁, where $w_{p}$ is the work done by pump and h₁ is the enthalpy computed above h₁ = 417.5 kJ/kg.

But first we need to compute $w_{p}$ To computer

Pressures:

p₁ = 100 kPa

p₂ = 15,000 kPa

and

Using saturated water pressure table, the volume of water $v_{f}$ = 1.0432

Dividing 1.0432/1000 gives us:

Volume of water = v₁ = 0.001043 m³/kg

Compute the value of h₂:

h₂ = h₁ + v₁ (p₂ - p₁)

= 417.5 kJ/kg + 0.001043 m³/kg ( 15,000 kPa - 100 kPa)

= 417.5 + 0.001043 (14900)

= 417.5 + 15.5407

= 433.04 kJ/kg

Find h₃

Using steam table:

At pressure p₃ = 15000 kPa

and Temperature = T₃ = 450°C

Then h₃ = 3159 kJ/kg

The entropy s₃ = 6.14 kJ/ kg K

Find h₄

Since entropy s₃ is equal to s₄ So

s₄ = 6.14 kJ/kgK

To compute h₄

s₄ = $s_{f}$ + $x_{4} s_{fg}$

$x_{4} = s_{4} -s_{f} /s_{fg}$

$x_{4}$ = 6.14 - 2.45 / 3.89

$x_{4}$ = 0.9497

The enthalpy h₄:

h₄ = $h_{f} +x_{4} h_{fg}$

= 908.4 + 0.9497(1889.8)

= 908.4 + 1794.7430

= 2703 kJ/kg

This can simply be computed using the software for steam tables online. Just use the entropy s₃ = 6.14 kJ/ kg K and pressure p₄ = 2000 kPa

Find h₅

Using steam table:

At pressure p₅ = 2000 kPa

and Temperature = T₅ = 450°C

Then h₅ = 3358 kJ/kg

Find h₆:

Since the entropy s₅ = 7.286 kJ/kgK is equal s₆ to So

s₆ = 7.286 kJ/kgK = 7.29 kJ/kgK

To compute h₆

s₆ = $s_{f}$ + $x_{6} s_{fg}$

$x_{6} = s_{6} -s_{f} /s_{fg}$

$x_{6}$ = 7.29 - 1.3028 / 6.0562

$x_{6}$ = 0.988

The enthalpy h₆:

h₆ = $h_{f} +x_{6} h_{fg}$

= 417.51 + 0.988 (2257.5)

= 417.51 + 2230.41

h₆ = 2648 kJ/kg

This can simply be computed using the software for steam tables online. Just use the entropy s₅ = 7.286 kJ/kgK and pressure p₅ = 2000 kPa

Compute power used by pump:

$P_{p}$ is found by using:

mass flow rate = m = 1.74 kg/s

Volume of water = v₁ = 0.001043 m³/kg

p₁ = 100 kPa

p₂ = 15,000 kPa

$P_{p}$ = ( m ) ( v₁ ) ( p₂ - p₁ )

= (1.74 kg/s) (0.001043 m³/kg) (15,000 kPa - 100 kPa)

= (1.74 kg/s) (0.001043 m³/kg) (14900)

= 27.04

$P_{p}$ = 27 kW

Compute heat added $q_{a}$ and heat rejected $q_{r}$ from boiler using computed enthalpies:

$q_{a}$ = ( h₃ - h₂ ) + ( h₅ - h₄ )

= ( 3159 kJ/kg - 433.04 kJ/kg ) + ( 3358 kJ/kg - 2703 kJ/kg )

= 2726 + 655

= 3381 kJ/kg

$q_{r}$ = h₆ - h₁

= 2648 kJ/kg - 417.5 kJ/kg

= 2232 kJ/kg

Compute net work

W $_{net}$ = $q_{a}$ - $q_{r}$

= 3381 kJ/kg - 2232 kJ/kg

= 1150 kJ/kg

Compute power produced by the cycle

mass flow rate = m = 1.74 kg/s

W $_{net}$ = 1150 kJ/kg

P = m * W $_{net}$

= 1.74 kg/s * 1150 kJ/kg

= 2001 kW

Compute rate of heat transfer in the reheater

Q = m * ( h₅ - h₄ )

= 1.74 kg/s * 655

= 1140 kW

Compute Thermal efficiency of this system

μ $_{t}$ = 1 - $q_{r}$ / $q_{a}$

= 1 - 2232 kJ/kg / 3381 kJ/kg

= 1 - 0.6601

= 0.34

= 34%

7 0

3 years ago

The acceleration (in m/s^2) of a linear slider (undergoing rectilinear motion) within a If the machine can be expressed in terms

Inga [223]

Answer:

47.91 sec

Explanation:

it is given that $\alpha =\frac{1}{4v^{2}}$

at t=0 velocity =0 ( as it is given that it is starting from rest )

we have to find time at which velocity will be 3.3 $\frac{m}{sec^{2}}$

we know that $\alpha =\frac{dv}{dt}=\frac{1}{4v^{2}}$

$4v^{2}dv=dt$

integrating both side

$\frac{4v^{3}}{3}=t+c$ ---------------eqn 1

at t=o it is given that v=0 putting these value in eqn 1 c=0

so $\frac{4v^{3}}{3}=t$

when v= 3.3 $\frac{m}{sec^{2}}$

t= $\frac{4}{3}\times 3.3^{3}$

=47.91 sec

6 0

3 years ago

What is an isentropic process?

snow_tiger [21]

Answer: Isentropic process is the process in fluids which have a constant entropy.

Explanation: The isentropic process is considered as the ideal thermodynamical process and has both adiabatic as well as reversible processes in internal form.This process supports no transfer of heat and no transformation of matter .The entropy of the provided mass also remains unchanged or consistent.These processes are usually carried out on material on the efficient device.

5 0

3 years ago

In this assignment, you will write a user interface for your calculator using JavaFX. Your graphical user interface (GUI) should

Zolol [24]

Answer:

Kindly note that, you're to replace "at" with shift 2 as the brainly text editor can't take the symbol

Explanation:

import javafx.application.Application;

import javafx.stage.Stage;

import javafx.scene.Group;

import javafx.scene.Scene;

import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;

import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;

import javafx.scene.control.TextField;

import javafx.scene.control.Button;

public class Calculator extends Application {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

launch(args);

}

"at"Override

public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

Group root = new Group();

VBox mainBox = new VBox();

HBox inpBox = new HBox();

TextField txtInput = new TextField ();

txtInput.setEditable(false);

txtInput.setStyle("-fx-font: 20 mono-spaced;");

txtInput.setText("0.0");

txtInput.setMinHeight(20);

txtInput.setMinWidth(200);

inpBox.getChildren().add(txtInput);

Scene scene = new Scene(root, 200, 294);

mainBox.getChildren().add(inpBox);

HBox rowOne = new HBox();

Button btn7 = new Button("7");

btn7.setMinWidth(50);

btn7.setMinHeight(50);

Button btn8 = new Button("8");

btn8.setMinWidth(50);

btn8.setMinHeight(50);

Button btn9 = new Button("9");

btn9.setMinWidth(50);

btn9.setMinHeight(50);

Button btnDiv = new Button("/");

btnDiv.setMinWidth(50);

btnDiv.setMinHeight(50);

rowOne.getChildren().addAll(btn7,btn8,btn9,btnDiv);

mainBox.getChildren().add(rowOne);

HBox rowTwo = new HBox();

Button btn4 = new Button("4");

btn4.setMinWidth(50);

btn4.setMinHeight(50);

Button btn5 = new Button("5");

btn5.setMinWidth(50);

btn5.setMinHeight(50);

Button btn6 = new Button("6");

btn6.setMinWidth(50);

btn6.setMinHeight(50);

Button btnMul = new Button("*");

btnMul.setMinWidth(50);

btnMul.setMinHeight(50);

rowTwo.getChildren().addAll(btn4,btn5,btn6,btnMul);

mainBox.getChildren().add(rowTwo);

HBox rowThree = new HBox();

Button btn1 = new Button("1");

btn1.setMinWidth(50);

btn1.setMinHeight(50);

Button btn2 = new Button("2");

btn2.setMinWidth(50);

btn2.setMinHeight(50);

Button btn3 = new Button("3");

btn3.setMinWidth(50);

btn3.setMinHeight(50);

Button btnSub = new Button("-");

btnSub.setMinWidth(50);

btnSub.setMinHeight(50);

rowThree.getChildren().addAll(btn1,btn2,btn3,btnSub);

mainBox.getChildren().add(rowThree);

HBox rowFour = new HBox();

Button btnC = new Button("C");

btnC.setMinWidth(50);

btnC.setMinHeight(50);

Button btn0 = new Button("0");

btn0.setMinWidth(50);

btn0.setMinHeight(50);

Button btnDot = new Button(".");

btnDot.setMinWidth(50);

btnDot.setMinHeight(50);

Button btnAdd = new Button("+");

btnAdd.setMinWidth(50);

btnAdd.setMinHeight(50);

rowFour.getChildren().addAll(btnC,btn0,btnDot,btnAdd);

mainBox.getChildren().add(rowFour);

HBox rowFive = new HBox();

Button btnEq = new Button("=");

btnEq.setMinWidth(200);

btnEq.setMinHeight(50);

rowFive.getChildren().add(btnEq);

mainBox.getChildren().add(rowFive);

root.getChildren().add(mainBox);

primaryStage.setScene(scene);

primaryStage.setTitle("GUI Calculator");

primaryStage.show();

}

4 0

3 years ago