Answer is: Velocity and spacing of particles is reduced and Volume of substance decreases relative to temperature decrease.
Charles' Law (The Temperature-Volume Law) - the volume of a given amount of gas held at constant pressure is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature:
V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂.
When temperature goes down, the volume also goes down.
Velocity is equivalent to a specification of its speed and direction of motion, it is a physical vector quantity. Less enegry (lower temperature), lower the velocity.
Answer: (Structure attached).
Explanation:
This type of reaction is an aromatic electrophilic substitution. The overall reaction is the replacement of a proton (H +) with an electrophile (E +) in the aromatic ring.
The aromatic ring in p-fluoroanisole has two sustituents, an <u>halogen</u> and a <u>methoxy group</u>, which are <em>ortho-para</em> directing substituents.
Aryl sulfonic acids are easily synthesized by an electrophilic substitution reaction aromatic using <u>sulfur trioxide as an electrophile</u> (very reactive).
The reaction occurs in three steps:
- The attack on the electrophile forms the sigma complex.
- The loss of a proton regenerates an aromatic ring.
- The sulfonate group can be protonated in the presence of a strong acid (H₂SO₄).
Normally, a mixture of <em>ortho-para</em> substituted products would be obtained. However, since both <em>para</em> positions are occupied, only the <em>ortho </em>substituted product is obtained here.
Answer:
ºC
Explanation:
We have to start with the variables of the problem:
Mass of water = 60 g
Mass of gold = 13.5 g
Initial temperature of water= 19 ºC
Final temperature of water= 20 ºC
<u>Initial temperature of gold= Unknow</u>
Final temperature of gold= 20 ºC
Specific heat of gold = 0.13J/gºC
Specific heat of water = 4.186 J/g°C
Now if we remember the <u>heat equation</u>:


We can relate these equations if we take into account that <u>all heat of gold is transfer to the water</u>, so:

Now we can <u>put the values into the equation</u>:

Now we can <u>solve for the initial temperature of gold</u>, so:

ºC
I hope it helps!
Sodium fluoride- to brush teeth
Citric acid- orange juice for breakfast
Sodium hydroxide- cleaning agent