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2 years ago

If the change in Gibbs free energy for a process is positive, the corresponding change in entropy for the universe will be

1 answer:

4 0

If the change in Gibbs free energy for a process is positive, the corresponding change in entropy for the universe will be positive.

<h3>What is Gibbs free energy?</h3>

This is defined as the energy used by a substance involved in a chemical reaction.

The Gibbs free energy and entropy has a direct relationship which is why a positive gibbs free energy will result in a corresponding positive entropy.

Read more about Gibbs free energy here brainly.com/question/9179942

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Ground-state ionization energies of some one-electron species are

Troyanec [42]

The ionization energy of $B^{4+}$ is $3.28199 \cdot 10^{7} \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol}$$$ .

<h3>What is ionization energy?</h3>

It is the energy needed to remove one electron from a neutral atom, which results in the formation of an ion.

The measurement is based on an isolated atom in its gaseous phase and is often expressed in kJ/mol.

b) Atom is ionized when the electron is completely removed from its electron cloud (so it being moved from first, $n_{\text {initial }}=1$ to the infinity's shell and $n_{\text {final }}=\infty$ ), and now the equation can be written as

$\Delta E=-2.18 \cdot 10^{-18} J\left(\frac{1}{n_{\text {final }}^{2}}-\frac{1}{n_{\text {initial }}^{2}}\right)\\=-2.18 \cdot 10^{-18} J\left(\frac{1}{\infty^{2}}-\frac{1}{1}\right)$

So the ionization energy is affected by the charge of the nucleus and the general formula can be represented as:

$\Delta E_{I E}=-2.18 \cdot 10^{-18} J\left(\frac{1}{\infty^{2}}-\frac{1}{1}\right) \cdot Z^{2} \cdot\left(6.022 \cdot 10^{23}\right molecules/mol)$ and as $\frac{1}{\infty}=0$

$\begin{gathered}\Delta E_{I E}=-2.18 \cdot 10^{-18} \mathrm{~J} \cdot Z^{2} \cdot\left(6.022 \cdot 10^{23} \text { molecules } / \mathrm{mol}\right) \\\Delta E_{I E}=1.312796 \cdot 10^{6} \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol} \cdot Z^{2}\end{gathered}$

The $B^{4+}$ has an atomic number Z=5, therefore using the formula when $$n_{\text {initial }}$ =1, we get

$\Delta E_{I E}=1.312796 \cdot \mathrm{J} / \mathrm{mol} \cdot 5^{2}\\=3.28199 \cdot 10^{7} \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol}$

The ionization energy of $B^{4+}$ is $3.28199 \cdot 10^{7} \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{mol}$$$ .

To know more about ionization energy, visit: brainly.com/question/16243729

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3 0

1 year ago

chemistry A basketball is inflated to a pressure of 1.10 atm in a 28.0°C garage. What is the pressure of the basketball outside

butalik [34]

Answer : The final pressure of the basketball is, 0.990 atm

Explanation :

Gay-Lussac's Law : It is defined as the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant volume and number of moles.

$P\propto T$

or,

$\frac{P_1}{P_2}=\frac{T_1}{T_2}$

where,

$P_1$ = initial pressure = 1.10 atm

$P_2$ = final pressure = ?

$T_1$ = initial temperature = $28.0^oC=273+28.0=301.0K$

$T_2$ = initial temperature = $-2.00^oC=273+(-2.00)=271.0K$

Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:

$\frac{1.10atm}{P_2}=\frac{301.0K}{271.0K}$

$P_2=0.990atm$

Thus, the final pressure of the basketball is, 0.990 atm

7 0

2 years ago

Let this be an easy 5 points for your brainly account all is ask for in return is a "thank you"

Svet_ta [14]

Answer:

The number of neutrons present in one atom of isotope of Silicon of mass 28 amu is<u> 14 neutrons</u>

Explanation:

Symbol of Si isotope

$_{14}^{28}\textrm{Si}$

<u>Number of Neutron = Mass number - Atomic Number</u>

Mass number = Total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of the atom.For Si = 28 amu

Atomic Number = Total number of Protons present in the nucleus.

Si = 14

Number of neutron = 24 - 14

= 14

4 0

3 years ago

Define shielding and effective nuclear charge. What is the connection between the two?

ivolga24 [154]

Answer:

The relation between the shielding and effective nuclear charge is given as

$Z_{eff} = Z -S$

where s denote shielding

z_{eff} denote effective nuclear charge

Z - atomic number

Explanation:

shielding is referred to as the repulsion of an outermost electron to the pull of electron from valence shell. Higher the electron in valence shell higher will be the shielding effects.

Effective nuclear charge is the amount of net positive charge that valence electron has.

The relation between the shielding and the effective nuclear charge is given as

$Z_{eff} = Z -S$

wheres denote shielding

z_{eff} denote effective nuclear charge

Z - atomic number

8 0

2 years ago

A client has experienced excessive losses of bicarbonate and has subsequently developed an acid–base imbalance. How will this lo

IRISSAK [1]

The kidneys will excrete increased quantities of acid.

Explanation:

The kidneys will excrete excess H+ ions in the blood (remember H+ ions are responsible for acidity) until the acid-base balance is restored in the blood. Bicarbonates, on the other hand, will be aggressively reabsorbed by the renal tubules as the excess H+ are being excreted.

The acid base balance is mainly determined by the quantities of H⁺ and HCO₃⁻ ions in teh blood. These ions come from the dissociation of carbonic acid formed when carbon dioxide from tissues is dissolved in blood plasma.

6 0

2 years ago