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Whitepunk [10]
2 years ago
15

which type of irrigation fluid is typically used for endoscopic procedures using monopolar electrosurgery

Engineering
1 answer:
Burka [1]2 years ago
4 0

An irrigation fluid that is used for endoscopic procedures using monopolar electrosurgery is Glycine 1.5% solution.

<h3>What is an irrigation fluid?</h3>

This is a fluid that is used for dilation during the process of endoscopic surgery.

What the fluid does is that it helps to wash away dirt from the operating area after it has dilated the area.

Read more on irrigation fluid here: brainly.com/question/13246758

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A design team is working on creating a new locker organizer. They have
astraxan [27]
A. Present a Solution
8 0
3 years ago
An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 9.2 and uses air as the working fluid. At the beginning of the compression proces
Allushta [10]

Answer:

(a) The amount of heat transferred to the air, q_{out} is 215.5077 kJ/kg

(b) The net work output, W_{net}, is 308.07 kJ/kg

(c) The thermal efficiency is 58.8%

(d) The Mean Effective Pressure, MEP, is 393.209 kPa

Explanation:

(a) The assumptions made are;

c_p = 1.005 kJ/(kg·K), c_v = 0.718 kJ/(kg·K), R = 0.287 kJ/(kg·K),

Process 1 to 2 is isentropic compression, therefore;

T_{2}= T_{1}\left (\dfrac{v_{1}}{v_{2}}  \right )^{k-1} = 300.15\times 9.2^{0.4} = 729.21 \, K

From;

\dfrac{p_{1}\times v_{1}}{T_{1}} = \dfrac{p_{2}\times v_{2}}{T_{2} }

We have;

p_{2} = \dfrac{p_{1}\times v_{1}\times T_{2}}{T_{1} \times v_{2}} = \dfrac{98\times 9.2\times 729.21}{300.15 } = 2190.43 \, kPa

Process 2 to 3 is reversible constant volume heating, therefore;

\dfrac{p_3}{T_3} =\dfrac{p_2}{T_2}

p₃ = 2 × p₂ = 2 × 2190.43 = 4380.86 kPa

T_3 = \dfrac{p_3 \times T_2}{p_2} =\dfrac{4380.86  \times 729.21}{2190.43} = 1458.42 \, K

Process 3 to 4 is isentropic expansion, therefore;

T_{3}= T_{4}\left (\dfrac{v_{4}}{v_{3}}  \right )^{k-1}

1458.42= T_{4} \times \left (9.2 \right )^{0.4}

T_4 = \dfrac{1458.42}{(9.2)^{0.4}}  = 600.3 \, K

q_{out} = m \times c_v \times (T_4 - T_1) = 0.718  \times (600.3 - 300.15) = 215.5077 \, kJ/kg

The amount of heat transferred to the air, q_{out} = 215.5077 kJ/kg

(b) The net work output, W_{net}, is found as follows;

W_{net} = q_{in} - q_{out}

q_{in} = m \times c_v \times (T_3 - T_2) = 0.718  \times (1458.42 - 729.21) = 523.574 \, kJ/kg

\therefore W_{net} = 523.574 - 215.5077 = 308.07 \, kJ/kg

(c) The thermal efficiency is given by the relation;

\eta_{th} = \dfrac{W_{net}}{q_{in}} \times 100=  \dfrac{308.07}{523.574} \times 100= 58.8\%

(d) From the general gas equation, we have;

V_{1} = \dfrac{m\times R\times T_{1}}{p_{1}} = \dfrac{1\times 0.287\times 300.15}{98} =0.897\, m^{3}/kg

The Mean Effective Pressure, MEP, is given as follows;

MEP =\dfrac{W_{net}}{V_1 - V_2} = \dfrac{W_{net}}{V_1 \times (1- 1/r)}= \dfrac{308.07}{0.897\times (1- 1/9.2)} = 393.209 \, kPa

The Mean Effective Pressure, MEP = 393.209 kPa.

3 0
3 years ago
Write down at least two things that the mine winch
sveticcg [70]
I don’t know what the
4 0
3 years ago
An aluminum block weighing 28 kg initially at 140°C is brought into contact with a block of iron weighing 36 kg at 60°C in an in
Anika [276]

Answer:

Equilibrium Temperature is 382.71 K

Total entropy is 0.228 kJ/K

Solution:

As per the question:

Mass of the Aluminium block, M = 28 kg

Initial temperature of aluminium, T_{a} = 140^{\circ}C = 273 + 140 = 413 K

Mass of Iron block, m = 36 kg

Temperature for iron block, T_{i} = 60^{\circ}C = 273 + 60 = 333 K

At 400 k

Specific heat of Aluminium, C_{p} = 0.949\ kJ/kgK

At room temperature

Specific heat of iron, C_{p} = 0.45\ kJ/kgK

Now,

To calculate the final equilibrium temperature:

Amount of heat loss by Aluminium = Amount of heat gain by Iron

MC_{p}\Delta T = mC_{p}\Delta T

28\times 0.949(140 - T_{e}) = 36\times 0.45(T_{e} - 60)

Thus

T_{e} = 109.71^{\circ}C = 273 + 109.71 = 382.71 K

where

T_{e} = Equilibrium temperature

Now,

To calculate the changer in entropy:

\Delta s = \Delta s_{a} + \Delta s_{i}

Now,

For Aluminium:

\Delta s_{a} = MC_{p}ln\frac{T_{e}}{T_{i}}

\Delta s_{a} = 28\times 0.949\times ln\frac{382.71}{413} = - 2.025\ kJ/K

For Iron:

\Delta s_{i} = mC_{i}ln\frac{T_{e}}{T_{i}}

\Delta s_{a} = 36\times 0.45\times ln\frac{382.71}{333} = 2.253\ kJ/K

Thus

\Delta s =-2.025 + 2.253 = 0.228\ kJ/K

6 0
3 years ago
What can be the main disadvantage of pulse amplitude modulation?​
Feliz [49]

Answer:

transmission bandwidth required is very large.

Explanation:

4 0
2 years ago
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