Classify the following substituents according to whether they are electron donors or electron acceptors relative to hydrogen by

Question

gregori [183]

1 year ago

5

Classify the following substituents according to whether they are electron donors or electron acceptors relative to hydrogen by

the resonance and the inductive mechanisms

Chemistry

2 answers:

igor_vitrenko [27] · Answer 1 · 2022-12-27T12:34:30+03:00

Species that have a lone pair of electrons often donate electrons by resonance while substituents that are electron deficient take away electrons by resonance.

<h3>What is resonance?</h3>

The term resonace has to do with the movement of electron pairs in a molecule. Inductive effects has to do with the drawing of electron density towards an atom or bond.

The two effects depends on the nature of a substituent. For instance, species that have a lone pair of electrons often donate electrons by resonance while substituents that are electron deficient take away electrons by resonance.

The question is incomplete hence the exact nature of the substituents can not be determined.

Learn more about resonance: brainly.com/question/23287285?

geniusboy [140] · Answer 2 · 2022-12-27T14:31:45+03:00

In resonance, the species with lone pairs donate electrons while the substituent takes electrons away from another species when deficient by resonance.

<h3>What is the Inductive and resonance effect?</h3>

When the electron donor or the withdrawal groups creates the electron density on the molecule then it is called the inductive effect. This results in the creation of permanent dipoles in the bonds of the molecules.

Atom attached to a benzene molecule with higher electronegativity than hydrogen atom then, it will be an acceptor while with lower electronegativity will be a donor.

The movement of the electron pair like lone pair and pi bond in a molecule by the delocalization is called the resonance effect. The electron donation and acceptance depend on the nature of the substituent molecule.

If the atom attached to the benzene molecule is electron-rich, it will be a donor, while the electron-deficient will accept the electron by the method of resonance effect.

Therefore, the nature of the substituent determines the resonance and the inductive effect.

Learn more about inductive and resonance effects here:

brainly.com/question/21306067

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