The following are the classification of each element above:
Nickel - Transitional Metal
Potassium- Alkali Metal
Cadmium- Transitional Metal
Calcium- Alkaline Earth Metal
Barium- Alkaline Earth Metal
I attached a color-coded, labelled period table that will help to see the derivative of my responses.
A triple bonded carbon is called an alkyne. (with a y, e for double bond, a for single bond)
If there is more soil, there would be more plants, and thus, more organisms, depending on if the soil has enough nutrients to support an ecosystem. The way that this would affect the climate is that it would transpire moisture into the atmosphere, and also generate fresher air through photosynthesis.