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Elan Coil [88]
2 years ago
5

What are the conditions needed for reaction to happen in aldehydes and ketones?

Chemistry
1 answer:
miv72 [106K]2 years ago
7 0

Explanation:

You may not realise it, but you come across aldehydes and ketones many times a day. Take cakes and biscuits, for example. Their golden, caramelised crust is formed thanks to the Mailliard reaction. This is a process that occurs at temperatures above 140° C, when sugars with the carbonyl group in foods react with nucleophilic amino acids to create new and complex flavours and aromas.

Another example is formaldehyde. Correctly known as methanal, it is the most common aldehyde in industry. It has multiple uses, such as in tanning and embalming, or as a fungicide. However, we can also react it with different molecules to make a variety of more useful compounds. These include polymers, adhesives and precursors to explosives. But how do aldehydes and ketones react, and why?You should remember from Aldehydes and Ketones that they both contain the carbonyl functional group , . This is a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond. Let's take a closer look at it.

If we compare the electronegativities of carbon and oxygen, we can see that oxygen is a lot more electronegative than carbon.

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Just think about this rationally. Melting ice (or anything) will require heat put in (this is called the latent heat of fusion), so you automatically know that the change in enthalpy is going to be positive. In order to make the reaction spontaneous, delta G, the Gibbs free energy has to be negative. So now look at the formula Delta(G) = Delta(H) - T*Delta*(S). If you know that g is negative, and H is positive, then it is only possible if -T*Delta(S) is negative. If that is positive, then Delta(S) has to be positive. So theres your answer :). An increase in entropy

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4 years ago
A volume of 90.0 mL of aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH) was titrated against a standard solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). What
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Answer:

The answer to your question:  0.7 M

Explanation:

Data

V of KOH = 90 ml

[KOH] = ?

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                       2KOH(aq)  +  H₂SO₄(aq)   →   K₂SO₄(aq)  +  2H₂O(l)

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                    2 moles of KOH --------------  1 mol of H₂SO₄

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