The word you are looking for is <em><u>refraction. </u></em> Reflection is when 100% of the light is bounced back, refraction, however if when light <em>bends</em>, or, changes wavelengths.
It's in the form of the hundreds of "hydrocarbon" compounds
in every ounce of oil out of the ground.
Answer:
a. about 20 years younger
b. Malcolm sits around for 49.94 years
c. <em>2.268x</em>
<em> m</em>
Explanation:
light travels 3x
m in one seconds
in 20 years that will be 3x
x 20 x 60 x 60 x 24 x 365 = 1.89x
m
for the to and fro journey, total distance covered will be 2 x 1.89x
= 3.78x
m
Flo's speed = 80% of speed of light = 0.8 x 3x
= 2.4x
m/s
time that will pass for Malcolm will be distance/speed = 3.78x
/2.4x
= 1575000000 s = <em>49.94 years</em>
the relativistic time t' will be
t' = t x 
t' = 49.94 x 
t' = 49.94 x 0.6 = <em>29.96 years</em> this is the time that has passed for Flo
this means that<em> Flo will be about 20 years younger than Malcolm when she returns</em>
<em></em>
relativistic distance is
d' = d x 
d' = 3.78x
x 
d' = 3.78x
x 0.6
d' = <em>2.268x</em>
<em> m</em> this is how far it is to Flo