A solute dissolves in excess solvent to form a solution:
solute + solvent → solution
<h3>What is the Enthalpy and their relation ? </h3>
A thermodynamic system's enthalpy, which is one of its properties, is calculated by adding the system's internal energy to the product of its pressure and volume. It is a state function that is frequently employed in measurements of chemical, biological, and physical systems at constant pressure, which the sizable surrounding environment conveniently provides.
A solution is a uniform mixture of two or more components that can exist in the solid, liquid, or gas phases. The amount of heat that is released or absorbed during the dissolving process is known as the enthalpy change of solution (at constant pressure).
There are two possible values for this enthalpy of solution ( H solution ) : positive (endothermic) and negative (exothermic). It is most straightforward to visualize a hypothetical three-step process occurring between two substances while trying to grasp the enthalpy of solution. The solute is one substance; let's call it A. The solvent is the second component; let's call it B.
The initial procedure exclusively affects the solute A and calls for disabling all intramolecular forces holding it together. This indicates that the molecules of the solute separate. This process' enthalpy is known as H1. Since breaking interactions requires energy, this is always an endothermic process, hence H1>0.
Their sign will be opposite.
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Answer:
The correct answer is b polar covalent
Explanation:
When two atoms joined by covalent bond has difference in their electronegativities at that time polarity arise.
When the electronegativity difference is low such as 1.3 then the polar bond formed by the two atoms are called polar covalent bond.For example H2O
on the other hand polar bond formed by two atoms having high difference in their electronegativities is called ionic bond.For example NaCl.
oxidation-reduction reactions are -
- 2C3H6(g) + 9O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
- Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(l) + 3CO2(g)
For reaction,
- 2C3H6(g) + 9O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
<u>On reactant side</u>:
Oxidation state of Carbon = +2
Oxidation state of Oxygen = 0
<u>On product side:</u>
Oxidation state of Carbon = +4
Oxidation state of Oxygen = -2
Here, carbon's oxidation state is rising from +2 to +4. As a result, it is oxidizing and the oxygen's oxidation state is decreasing from 0 to -2. As a result, it is decreasing.
For reaction,
Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(l) + 3CO2(g)
<u>When reacting:</u>
Iron's oxidation state is +3.
Carbon's oxidation state is +2.
<u>On product side:</u>
Iron's oxidation state is zero.
Carbon's oxidation state is +4.
Here, carbon's oxidation state is rising from +2 to +4. As a result, it is being oxidized and the iron's oxidation state is changing from +3 to 0. As a result, it is decreasing.
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Water containing carbonic acid and calcium
