Answer:
In economics, elasticity is the measurement of the percentage change of one economic variable in response to a change in another.
An elastic variable (with an absolute elasticity value greater than 1) is one which responds more than proportionally to changes in other variables. In contrast, an inelastic variable (with an absolute elasticity value less than 1) is one which changes less than proportionally in response to changes in other variables. A variable can have different values of its elasticity at different starting points: for example, the quantity of a good supplied by producers might be elastic at low prices but inelastic at higher prices, so that a rise from an initially low price might bring on a more-than-proportionate increase in quantity supplied while a rise from an initially high price might bring on a less-than-proportionate rise in quantity supplied.
Elasticity can be quantified as the ratio of the percentage change in one variable to the percentage change in another variable, when the latter variable has a causal influence on the former. A more precise definition is given in terms of differential calculus. It is a tool for measuring the responsiveness of one variable to changes in another, causative variable. Elasticity has the advantage of being a unitless ratio, independent of the type of quantities being varied. Frequently used elasticities include price elasticity of demand, price elasticity of supply, income elasticity of demand, elasticity of substitution between factors of production and elasticity of intertemporal substitution.
Elasticity is one of the most important concepts in neoclassical economic theory. It is useful in understanding the incidence of indirect taxation, marginal concepts as they relate to the theory of the firm, and distribution of wealth and different types of goods as they relate to the theory of consumer choice. Elasticity is also crucially important in any discussion of welfare distribution, in particular consumer surplus, producer surplus, or government surplus.
In empirical work an elasticity is the estimated coefficient in a linear regression equation where both the dependent variable and the independent variable are in natural logs. Elasticity is a popular tool among empiricists because it is independent of units and thus simplifies data analysis.
A major study of the price elasticity of supply and the price elasticity of demand for US products was undertaken by Joshua Levy and Trevor Pollock in the late 1960s..
Answer:
d. We can calculate it by applying Newton's version of Kepler's third law
Explanation:
The measurements of a Star like the Sun have several problems, the first one is distance, but the most important is the temperature since as we get closer all the instruments will melt. This is why all measurements must be indirect because of the effects that these variables create on nearby bodies.
Kepler's laws are deduced from Newton's law of universal gravitation, in these laws the mass of the Sun affects the orbit of the planets since it creates a force of attraction, if measured the orbit and the time it takes to travel it we can know the centripetal acceleration and with it knows the force, from where we clear the mass of the son.
Let's review the statements of the exercise
.a) False. We don't have good enough models for this calculation
.b) False. The size of the sun is very difficult to measure because it is a mass of gas, in addition the density changes strongly with depth
.c) False. The amount of light that comes out of the sun is not all the light produced and is due to quantum effects where the mass of the sun is not taken into account
.d) True. This method has been used to calculate the mass of the sun and the other planets since the variable distance and time are easily measured from Earth
Correct answer is D
Intrusive igneous rocks cool down from magma slowly because they form underneath the surface, that will make them have large crystals.
Extrusive igneous rocks cool down from lava rapidly because they form at the surface, so that will make them have small crystals.
Answer:
<h3>2,321.62Joules</h3>
Explanation:
The formula for calculating workdone is expressed as;
Workdone = Force * Distance
Get the force
F = nR
n is the coefficient of friction = 0.5
R is the reaction = mg
R = 46 ( 9.8)
R = 450.8N
F = 0.5 * 450.8
F = 225.4N
Distance = 10.3m
Get the workdone
Workdone = 225.4 * 10.3
Workdone = 2,321.62Joules
<em>Hence the amount of work done is 2,321.62Joules</em>
