Answer:
Well, carbon monoxide can be created from formic acid by adding sulphuric acid which will dehydrate said formic acid:
HCOOH
−
→
−
−
−
H
2
SO
4
CO+H
2
O
HCOOH→HX2SOX4CO+HX2O
Therefore, we can imagine the reverse reaction theoretically, which would make carbon monoxide an acidic oxide. However, the forward reaction does not proceed easily and it needs both the high acidity of sulphuric acid and its strong dehydrative properties to actually work. And your question mentions using hot, concentrated sodium hydroxide to make the reverse one work.
Most oxides that are classified as acidic or basic either have a very electrophilic central atom (e.g.
CO
2
COX2
) which can be attacked by the weak nucleophile water (which in turn can then release an acidic proton), or they have a high charge density on the oxygen which allows it to abstract a proton from water directly. Carbon monoxide is neither. If you check out its molecular orbitals, you will notice that even though carbon is partially positive it has the largest HOMO contribution, meaning a proton would be more likely to attatch to the carbon side — which doesn’t want one at all. The LUMO is, luckily, also more carbon-centred, meaning nucleophilic attacks on carbon are possible. However, it is also degenerate due to the double bond so that an attack is not favoured.
Thus, the carbon monoxide molecule is one that won’t react with water at all and totally defies the concept of acidic/basic oxides.
Abbreviations:
HOMO is a widely used abbreviation for the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital, i.e. the one with the highest energy that still contains electrons. It is usually the orbital that will attack nucleophilicly or that will be attacked electrophilicly.
LUMO is a widely used abbreviation for the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital, i.e. the virtual (unoccupied) orbital that has the lowest energy. When considering a nucleophilic attack, the attacking electrons will usually interact with the LUMO. Electrophiles attack with other molecules’ HOMO with their LUMO.
Explanation:
Solids are things like wood, salt, your face, shoes. they all keep their shapes. they can be compacted if you squish them. they have a defined shape and volume.
The reaction mechanism for an alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone to react with basic peroxide to form an epoxide is shown below with a general ketone. The basic hydroxide is used to deprotonate the peroxide molecule to create a strong HOO- nucleophile. The peroxide then attacks the beta-carbon of the alkene and this pushes the electrons up to the oxygen of the carbonyl. This is the first intermediate that is formed during this reaction.
After the intermediate is formed, the lone pair from the oxygen pushes back down to form the carbonyl once more and this breaks a carbon-carbon bond which attacks the oxygen of the peroxy group, ultimately substituting an -OH group and forming the final epoxide ketone product.
Answer:-
KOH determines how much Mg(OH)2 is made.
2 mol of Mg(OH)2 formed
Explanation:-
The balanced equation is
MgCl2 + 2KOH --> Mg(OH)2+ 2KCI,
From seeing the coefficients we notice
2 mol of KOH reacts with 1 mol of MgCl2
4 mol of KOH reacts with 1 x 4 / 2 = 2 mol of MgCl2
3 moles of MgCl2 was added but only 2 mol react.
So we see there is excess MgCl2 .
Hence KOH is the limiting reactant.
So KOH determines how much Mg(OH)2 is made.
We see from the balanced chemical equation,
2 mol of KOH gives 1 mol of Mg(OH)2.
4 mol of KOH will give 1 x 4 /2 = 2 mol of Mg(OH)2.
Answer:
2.0 x 10⁻³ M/s.
Explanation:
- The rate of the reaction is the change of the concentration of the reactants or the products with time.
<em>The rate of the reaction = - Δ[reactants]/Δt = - [(0.6 M - 1.8 M)]/(580 s - 0 s) = 2.069 x 10⁻³ M/s.</em>
