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trapecia [35]
1 year ago
6

recall that temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance. both ethanol and water had the same amount of

thermal energy added to them, but their temperatures are different. why does the same amount of added energy (in water) not increase its temperature as much as in ethanol?
Chemistry
1 answer:
Igoryamba1 year ago
8 0

The same amount of added energy in water not increase its temperature as much as in ethanol because of temperature difference.

What is temperature?
The physical concept of temperature expresses in numerical form how hot or cold something is. A thermometer is used to determine temperature. Thermometers are calibrated using a variety of temperature scales, which historically defined various reference points as well as thermometric substances. The most popular scales are the Celsius scale, also known as centigrade, with the unit symbol °C, the Fahrenheit scale (°F), as well as the Kelvin scale (K), with the latter being primarily used for scientific purposes. One of the seven units inside the International System of Units is the kelvin (SI).

The average kinetic energy of all the atoms or molecules that make up a substance is how we define temperature in chemistry. A substance's constituent particles do not all possess the same kinetic energy. The distribution of the particles' kinetic energy at any particular moment can be used to describe it.

To learn more about temperature
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Pre-Lab Study Questions / 9
jok3333 [9.3K]

Answer:

See detailed answer with explanation below.

Explanation:

Valence electrons are electrons found on the outermost shell of an atom. They are the electrons in an atom that participate in chemical combination. Recall that the outermost shell of an atom is also referred to as its valence shell. Let us consider an example; if we look at the atom, sodium-11, its electronic configuration is 2,8,1. The last one electron is the valence electron of sodium which is found in its outermost or valence shell.

Positive ions are formed when electrons are lost from the valence shell of an atom. For instance, if the outermost electron in sodium is lost, we now form the sodium ion Na^+ which is a positive ion. Positive ions possess less number of electrons compared to their corresponding atoms.

Negative ions are formed when one or more electrons is added to the valence shell of an atom. A negative ion possesses more electrons than its corresponding atom. For example, chlorine(Cl) contains 17 electrons but the chloride ion (Cl^-) contains 18 electrons.

In molecular compounds, a bond is formed when two electrons are shared between the bonding atoms. Each bonding atom may contribute one of the shared electrons (ordinary covalent bond) or one of the bonding atoms may provide the both shared electrons (coordinate covalent bond). The shared pair may be located at an equidistant position to the nucleus of both atoms. Similarly, the electron may be drawn closer to the nucleus of one atom than the other (polar covalent bond) depending on the electro negativity of the two bonding atoms.

The electrons are shared in order to complete the octet of each atom by so doing, the both bonding atoms now obey the octet rule. For example, two chlorine atoms may come together to form a covalent bond in which each chlorine atom has an octet of electrons on its outermost shell.

4 0
3 years ago
Calculate the volume of a 2.0 molar aqueous solution made from 14 miles of K2S
Vilka [71]

Answer:

volume is 7.0 liters

Explanation:

We are given;

  • Molarity of the aqueous solution as 2.0 M
  • Moles of the solute, K₂S as 14 moles

We are required to determine the volume of the solution;

We need to know that;

Molarity = Moles ÷ volume

Therefore;

Volume = Moles ÷ Molarity

Thus;

Volume of the solution = 14 moles ÷ 2.0 M

                                       = 7.0 L

Hence, the volume of the molar solution is 7.0 L

5 0
3 years ago
A student calculates the volume of a graduated cylinder to be 43.26 ml. The actual volume is 42.32 ml. What is the percent error
Tpy6a [65]

Answer:

2.2%

Explanation:

Percentage error,

You apply the formula,

[(Estimated value - Actual value)/Actual value] × 100%

; [(43.26 - 42.32)/42.32] × 100

; (0.94/42.32) × 100

; 0.022 × 100

Percent error = 2.2%

7 0
3 years ago
When calcium carbonate is added to hydrochloric acid, calcium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water are produced.
sp2606 [1]

Answer:

Mass of CaCl₂ =  20 g

CaCO is presewnt in excess.

Mass of of CaCO₃ remain unreacted =  7.007 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of calcium carbonate = 25 g

Mass of hydrochloric acid = 13.0 g

Mass of calcium chloride produced = ?

Chemical equation:

CaCO₃ + 2HCl  →  CaCl₂  + H₂O + CO₂

Number of moles of CaCO₃:

Number of moles of CaCO₃ = Mass /molar mass

Number of moles of CaCO₃= 25.0 g / 100.1 g/mol

Number of moles of CaCO₃ = 0.25 mol

Number of moles of HCl:

Number of moles of  HCl = Mass /molar mass

Number of moles of HCl = 13.0 g / 36.5 g/mol

Number of moles of HCl = 0.36 mol

Now we will compare the moles of CaCl₂ with HCl and CaCO₃ .

                  CaCO₃         :               CaCl₂

                    1                 :               1

                 0.25              :            0.25

                HCl                :                CaCl₂

                 2                   :                    1

                 0.36            :                  1/2 × 0.36 = 0.18 mol

The number of moles of CaCl₂ produced by HCl are less it will be limiting reactant.

Mass of CaCl₂ = moles × molar mass

Mass of CaCl₂ =0.18 mol × 110.98 g/mol

Mass of CaCl₂ =  20 g

The calcium carbonate is present in excess.

                HCl                :                CaCO₃

                 2                   :                    1

                 0.36            :                  1/2 × 0.36 = 0.18 mol

So, 0.18 moles react with 0.36 moles of HCl.

The moles of CaCO₃ remain unreacted = 0.25 -0.18

The moles of CaCO₃ remain unreacted = 0.07 mol

Mass of of CaCO₃ remain unreacted = Moles × molar mass

Mass of of CaCO₃ remain unreacted = 0.07 mol × 100.1 g/mol

Mass of of CaCO₃ remain unreacted =  7.007 g

7 0
3 years ago
Electromagnetic waves heat earths surface through convection?
larisa86 [58]
Heat moves in three ways:Radiation, conduction, and convection. Radiation happens when heat moves as energy waves, call infrared waves,directly from its source to something else.This is how the heat from the Sun gets to Earth.In fact,all hot things radiate heat to cooler things:).hope this helps
4 0
3 years ago
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