Question

The HF bond length is 92 pm, 16% shorter than the sum of the covalent radii of H (37 pm) and F (72 pm). Suggest a reason for this difference. Similar data show that the difference becomes smaller down the group, from HF to HI. Explain.

Answer 1

Due to electronegativity difference between H and F atom.

What is the reason for the difference ?

• The bond length of HF is 92 pm. It is 16% shorter than the sum of the covalent radii of H (37 pm) and F (72 pm).

• The shorter of the bond length is due to the difference in electronegativity between H and F atom. The electronegativity of F is 4.0, whereas the electronegativity of H is 2.1.

• Greater the difference of electronegativity between the bonded atoms, shorter will be the bond length.
• As  becomes smaller i.e. as we proceed from HF to HI, this effect becomes lessens and bond length will be more predictable.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say the difference in electronegativity between H and F atom this is the reason for shorter bond length of HF.

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