Neopentane makes up component A, while n-pentane makes up compound B.
First and foremost, it is important to understand that compounds A and B are isomers and alkanes of pentane. Compounds with distinct structural formulas but the same molecular formula are known as isomers.
When heated with Cl2, compound A now produces a single monochlorination product, demonstrating the molecule's high degree of symmetry. Neopentane must be this chemical (image 1).
Upon monochlorination, compound B divides into three constitutional isomers.
A halogen atom is replaced with another substance in a process known as halogenation, where the halogen atom eventually becomes a component of the new substance or compound. In general, one or more halogens are typically added to the chemical during the halogenation reaction.
Learn more about halogens:
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